TY - JOUR T1 - Alterocin, an antibiofilm protein secreted by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6 A1 - Jouault,Albane A1 - Gobet,Angelique A1 - Simon,Marjolaine A1 - Portier,Emilie A1 - Perennou,Morgan A1 - Corre,Erwan A1 - Gaillard,Fanny A1 - Vallenet,David A1 - Michel,Gurvan A1 - Fleury,Yannick A1 - Bazire,Alexis A1 - Dufour,Alain AD - Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France AD - Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), F-29680 Roscoff, France AD - Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, MARBEC, F-34203 Sète, France AD - Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), F-29680 Roscoff, France AD - LABGeM, Génomique Métabolique, CEA, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057 Evry, France AD - Université de Brest, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, IUT Quimper, F-29000 Quimper, France UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00893-20 DO - 10.1128/AEM.00893-20 KW - antibiofilm protein KW - Pseudoalteromonas KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - biofilm N2 - The aim was to identify and study the antibiofilm protein secreted by the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6. The latter is active against marine and terrestrial bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains forming different biofilm types. Several amino acid sequences were obtained from the partially purified antibiofilm protein, named alterocin. The Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6 genome was sequenced and a candidate alt gene was identified by comparing the genome-encoded proteins to the sequences from purified alterocin. Expressing the alt gene in another non-active Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain, 3J3, demonstrated that it is responsible for the antibiofilm activity. Alterocin is a 139-residue protein including a predicted 20-residue signal sequence, which would be cleaved off upon export by the general secretion system. No sequence homology was found between alterocin and proteins of known functions. The alt gene is not part of an operon and adjacent genes do not seem related to alterocin production, immunity or regulation, suggesting that these functions are not fulfilled by devoted proteins. During liquid growth, the alt mRNA level peaked during the stationary phase. A single promoter was experimentally identified and several inverted repeats could be binding sites for regulators. alt genes were found in about 30% of the Pseudoalteromonas genomes, and in only few instances of other marine bacteria of the Hahella and Paraglaciecola genera. Comparative genomics yielded the hypotheses that alt gene losses occurred within the Pseudoalteromonas genus. Overall, alterocin is a novel kind of antibiofilm protein of ecological and biotechnological interest. Importance Biofilms are microbial communities that develop on solid surfaces or interfaces, and are detrimental in a number of fields including for example food industry, aquaculture, and medicine. In the latter, antibiotics are insufficient to clear biofilm infections, leading to chronic infections such as in the case of infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Antibiofilm molecules are thus urgently needed to be used in conjunction with conventional antibiotics, as well as in other fields of application, especially if they are environmentally friendly molecules. Here, we describe alterocin, a novel antibiofilm protein secreted by a marine bacterium belonging to the Pseudoalteromonas genus, and its gene. Alterocin homologs were found in about 30% of Pseudoalteromonas strains, indicating that this new family of antibiofilm proteins likely plays an important albeit non-essential function in the biology of these bacteria. This work opens up the possibility of a variety of applications. Y1 - 2020/10 PB - American Society for Microbiology JF - Applied And Environmental Microbiology SN - 0099-2240 VL - 86 IS - 20 ID - 75517 ER -