FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI The Cumulative Effects of Fishing, Plankton Productivity, and Marine Mammal Consumption in a Marine Ecosystem BT AF Fu, Caihong Xu, Yi Guo, Chuanbo Olsen, Norm GrĂ¼ss, Arnaud Liu, Huizhu Barrier, Nicolas Verley, Philippe Shin, Yunne-Jai AS 1:1;2:2;3:1;4:1;5:3;6:4;7:5;8:6;9:5; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:; C1 Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada Fraser River and Interior Area Stock Assessment Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Delta, BC, Canada School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Computer Science, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada IRD, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, MARBEC, Montpellier, France AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France C2 MPO, CANADA MPO, CANADA UNIV WASHINGTON, USA UNIV VANCOUVER ISL, CANADA IRD, FRANCE UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE UM MARBEC IN WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 5.247 TC 7 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00654/76615/77768.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;cumulative effect;ecosystem-based fisheries management;ecological indicator;ecosystem modeling;synergism AB The marine ecosystem off British Columbia (BC), Canada, has experienced various changes in the last two decades, including reduced lipid-rich zooplankton biomass, increased marine mammals, and deteriorated commercial fisheries, particularly those targeting pelagic species such as Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii). Understanding how stressors interactively and cumulatively affect commercially important fish species is key to moving toward ecosystem-based fisheries management. Because it is challenging to assess the cumulative effects of multiple stressors by using empirical data alone, a dynamic, individual-based spatially explicit ecosystem modeling platform such as Object-oriented Simulator of Marine Ecosystems (OSMOSE) represents a valuable tool to simulate ecological processes and comprehensively evaluate how stressors cumulatively impact modeled species. In this study, we employed OSMOSE to investigate the cumulative effects of fishing, plankton biomass change, and marine mammal consumption on the dynamics of some fish species and the BC marine ecosystem as a whole. We specifically simulated ecosystem dynamics during the last 20 years under two sets of scenarios: (1) unfavorable conditions from the perspective of commercial fish species (i.e., doubling fishing mortality rates, halving plankton biomass, and doubling marine mammal biomass, acting individually or collectively); and (2) favorable conditions with the three factors having opposite changes (i.e., halving fishing mortality rates, doubling plankton biomass, and halving marine mammal biomass, acting individually or collectively). Our results indicate that, under unfavorable conditions, the degree to which species biomass was reduced varied among species, and that negative synergistic and negative dampened effects were dominant under historical and doubled fishing mortality rates, respectively. Under favorable conditions, species biomasses did not increase as much as expected due to the existence of complex predator-prey interactions among fish species, and positive synergistic and positive dampened effects were prevailing under historical and halved fishing mortality rates, respectively. The ecosystem total biomass and the biomass to fisheries yield ratio were found to be good ecological indicators to represent ecosystem changes and track the impacts from the multiple drivers of change. Our research provides insights on how fisheries management should adapt to prepare for potential future impacts of climate change. PY 2020 PD SEP SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 7 UT 000582747200001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2020.565699 ID 76615 ER EF