FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of mother-to-egg immune protection in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor BT AF Tetreau, Guillaume Dhinaut, Julien Galinier, Richard Audant-Lacour, Pascaline Voisin, Sébastien N Arafah, Karim Chogne, Manon Hilliou, Frédérique Bordes, Anaïs Sabarly, Camille Chan, Philippe Walet-Balieu, Marie-Laure Vaudry, David Duval, David Bulet, Philippe Coustau, Christine Moret, Yannick Gourbal, Benjamin AS 1:1;2:2;3:7;4:3;5:4;6:4;7:2;8:3;9:1;10:2;11:5;12:5;13:5;14:1;15:4,6;16:3;17:2;18:1; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:; C1 IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGeoSciences, Universite Bourgogne-Franche Comte, Dijon, France CNRS, INRAE, Universite´ Nice Coˆte d’Azur, UMR 1355–7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, ArchParc, Saint Julien en Genevois, France PISSARO Proteomic Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France CR Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France C2 UNIV PERPIGNAN, FRANCE UNIV BOURGOGNE FRANCHE COMTE, FRANCE CNRS, FRANCE BIOPARK ARCHAMPS, FRANCE UNIV ROUEN, FRANCE UNIV GRENOBLE ALPES, FRANCE CNRS, FRANCE UM IHPE IN WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-univ-france IF 6.823 TC 13 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77815.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77816.tif https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77817.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77819.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77820.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77821.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77822.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77823.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76684/77824.docx LA English DT Article AB In a number of species, individuals exposed to pathogens can mount an immune response and transmit this immunological experience to their offspring, thereby protecting them against persistent threats. Such vertical transfer of immunity, named trans-generational immune priming (TGIP), has been described in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Although increasingly studied during the last decade, the mechanisms underlying TGIP in invertebrates are still elusive, especially those protecting the earliest offspring life stage, i.e. the embryo developing in the egg. In the present study, we combined different proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to determine whether mothers transfer a “signal” (such as fragments of infecting bacteria), mRNA and/or protein/peptide effectors to protect their eggs against two natural bacterial pathogens, namely the Gram-positive Bacillus thuringiensis and the Gram-negative Serratia entomophila. By taking the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor as a biological model, our results suggest that eggs are mainly protected by an active direct transfer of a restricted number of immune proteins and of antimicrobial peptides. In contrast, the present data do not support the involvement of mRNA transfer while the transmission of a “signal”, if it happens, is marginal and only occurs within 24h after maternal exposure to bacteria. This work exemplifies how combining global approaches helps to disentangle the different scenarios of a complex trait, providing a comprehensive characterization of TGIP mechanisms in T. molitor. It also paves the way for future alike studies focusing on TGIP in a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates to identify additional candidates that could be specific to TGIP and to investigate whether the TGIP mechanisms found herein are specific or common to all insect species. Author summary   All living organisms are regularly exposed to a wide and diverse range of pathogens. To protect themselves, many species have developed an immune system able to detect and eradicate these pathogens. Most interestingly, this immunological experience can be transferred by parents to their offspring to protect them from pathogens that may persist in the environment and to which they could be exposed during their life. While extensively studied in vertebrates, this phenomenon–called trans-generational immune priming (TGIP)–has only been identified a decade ago in invertebrates and the supporting molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Recently, we proposed four different scenarios as a practical framework to investigate the mechanisms supporting this complex phenomenon. In the present study, we combined different molecular approaches to disentangle these different scenarios and provide a comprehensive characterization of maternal TGIP mechanisms in a model insect, the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor. PY 2020 PD OCT SO Plos Pathogens SN 1553-7366 PU Public Library of Science (PLoS) VL 16 IS 10 UT 000581800000003 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008935 ID 76684 ER EF