FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Uncovering ecological state dynamics with hidden Markov models BT AF McClintock, Brett T. Langrock, Roland Gimenez, Olivier Cam, Emmanuelle Borchers, David L. Glennie, Richard Patterson, Toby A. Coulson, Tim AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:5;7:6;8:; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:; C1 NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA ,USA Department of Business Administration and Economics Bielefeld University Bielefeld ,Germany CNRS Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Montpellier, France Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD Ifremer ,France School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews St Andrews, UK CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Hobart, Australia C2 NOAA, USA UNIV BIELEFELD, GERMANY CNRS, FRANCE UBO, FRANCE UNIV ST ANDREWS, UK CSIRO OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UM LEMAR IN WOS Cotutelle UMR copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-int-hors-europe IF 1.88 TC 84 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76692/77831.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76692/77832.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00655/76692/77833.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Behavioural ecology;community ecology;ecosystem ecology;hierarchical model;movement ecology;observation error;population ecology;state-space model;time series AB Ecological systems can often be characterised by changes among a finite set of underlying states pertaining to individuals, populations, communities or entire ecosystems through time. Owing to the inherent difficulty of empirical field studies, ecological state dynamics operating at any level of this hierarchy can often be unobservable or ‘hidden’. Ecologists must therefore often contend with incomplete or indirect observations that are somehow related to these underlying processes. By formally disentangling state and observation processes based on simple yet powerful mathematical properties that can be used to describe many ecological phenomena, hidden Markov models (HMMs) can facilitate inferences about complex system state dynamics that might otherwise be intractable. However, HMMs have only recently begun to gain traction within the broader ecological community. We provide a gentle introduction to HMMs, establish some common terminology, review the immense scope of HMMs for applied ecological research and provide a tutorial on implementation and interpretation. By illustrating how practitioners can use a simple conceptual template to customise HMMs for their specific systems of interest, revealing methodological links between existing applications, and highlighting some practical considerations and limitations of these approaches, our goal is to help establish HMMs as a fundamental inferential tool for ecologists. PY 2020 PD DEC SO Ecology Letters SN 1461-023X PU Wiley VL 23 IS 12 UT 000579175800001 BP 1878 EP 1903 DI 10.1111/ele.13610 ID 76692 ER EF