FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Dual RNAseq analyses at soma and germline levels reveal evolutionary innovations in the elephantiasis-agent Brugia malayi, and adaptation of its Wolbachia endosymbionts BT AF Chevignon, Germain Foray, Vincent Pérez-Jiménez, Mercedes Maria Libro, Silvia Chung, Matthew Foster, Jeremy M. Landmann, Frédéric AS 1:1,2;2:1,3;3:1,4;4:5;5:6;6:5;7:1; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:; C1 CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, La Tremblade, France Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD)–Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, UPO/CSIC/JA, Sevilla, Spain Division of Protein Expression & Modification, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America C2 UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, La Tremblade, France UNIV TOURS, FRANCE UNIV PABLO OLAVIDE, SPAIN DIVISION OF PROTEIN EXPRESSION & MODIFICATION, USA UNIV MARYLAND, USA IN DOAJ IF 4.781 TC 3 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77991/80201.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77991/80202.tif https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77991/80203.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77991/80204.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77991/80205.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77991/80206.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77991/80207.xlsx LA English DT Article AB Brugia malayi is a human filarial nematode responsible for elephantiasis, a debilitating condition that is part of a broader spectrum of diseases called filariasis, including lymphatic filariasis and river blindness. Almost all filarial nematode species infecting humans live in mutualism with Wolbachia endosymbionts, present in somatic hypodermal tissues but also in the female germline which ensures their vertical transmission to the nematode progeny. These α-proteobacteria potentially provision their host with essential metabolites and protect the parasite against the vertebrate immune response. In the absence of Wolbachia wBm, B. malayi females become sterile, and the filarial nematode lifespan is greatly reduced. In order to better comprehend this symbiosis, we investigated the adaptation of wBm to the host nematode soma and germline, and we characterized these cellular environments to highlight their specificities. Dual RNAseq experiments were performed at the tissue-specific and ovarian developmental stage levels, reaching the resolution of the germline mitotic proliferation and meiotic differentiation stages. We found that most wBm genes, including putative effectors, are not differentially regulated between infected tissues. However, two wBm genes involved in stress responses are upregulated in the hypodermal chords compared to the germline, indicating that this somatic tissue represents a harsh environment to which wBm have adapted. A comparison of the B. malayi and C. elegans germline transcriptomes reveals a poor conservation of genes involved in the production of oocytes, with the filarial germline proliferative zone relying on a majority of genes absent from C. elegans. The first orthology map of the B. malayi genome presented here, together with tissue-specific expression enrichment analyses, indicate that the early steps of oogenesis are a developmental process involving genes specific to filarial nematodes, that likely result from evolutionary innovations supporting the filarial parasitic lifestyle. PY 2021 PD JAN SO Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases SN 1935-2735 PU Public Library of Science (PLoS) VL 15 IS 1 UT 000607916200005 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008935 ID 77991 ER EF