FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI State of the Climate in 2016 BT AF ARNDT, D. S. BLUNDEN, J. DUNN, R. J. H. AARON-MORRISON, Arlene P. ABDALLAH, A. ACKERMAN, Steven A. ADLER, Robert ALFARO, Eric J. ALLAN, Richard P. ALLAN, Rob ALVAREZ, Luis A. ALVES, Lincoln M. AMADOR, Jorge A. ANDREASSEN, L. M. ARCE, Dayana ARGUEEZ, Anthony ARNDT, Derek S. ARZHANOVA, N. M. AUGUSTINE, John AWATIF, E. M. AZORIN-MOLINA, Cesar BAEZ, Julian BARDIN, M. U. BARICHIVICH, Jonathan BARINGER, Molly O. BARREIRA, Sandra BAXTER, Stephen BECK, H. E. BECKER, Andreas BEDKA, Kristopher M. BEHRENFELD, Michael J. BELL, Gerald D. BELMONT, M. BENEDETTI, Angela BERNHARD, G. H. BERRISFORD, Paul BERRY, David I. BETTOLLI, Maria L. BHATT, U. S. BIDEGAIN, Mario BISKABORN, B. BISSOLLI, Peter BJERKE, J. BLAKE, Eric S. BLUNDEN, Jessica BOSILOVICH, Michael G. BOUCHER, Olivier BOUDET, Dagne BOX, J. E. BOYER, Tim BRAATHEN, Geir O. BRIMELOW, Julian BROMWICH, David H. BROWN, R. BUEHLER, S. BULYGINA, Olga N. BURGESS, D. CALDERON, Blanca CAMARGO, Suzana J. CAMPBELL, Jayaka D. CAPPELEN, J. CAROFF, P. CARREA, Laura CARTER, Brendan R. CHAMBERS, Don P. CHANDLER, Elise CHENG, Ming-Dean CHRISTIANSEN, Hanne H. CHRISTY, John R. CHUNG, Daniel CHUNG, E. -S. CLEM, Kyle R. COELHO, Caio A. S. COLDEWEY-EGBERS, Melanie COLWELL, Steve COOPER, Owen R. COPLAND, L. CROSS, J. N. CROUCH, Jake CUTIE, Virgen DAVIS, Sean M. DE EYTO, Elvira DE JEU, Richard A. M. DE LAAT, Jos DEGASPERI, Curtis L. DEGENSTEIN, Doug DEMIRCAN, M. DERKSEN, C. DI GIROLAMO, Larry DIAMOND, Howard J. DINDYAL, S. DLUGOKENCKY, Ed J. DOHAN, Kathleen DOKULIL, Martin T. DOLMAN, A. Johannes DOMINGUES, Catia M. DONAT, Markus G. DONG, Shenfu DORIGO, Wouter A. DROZDOV, D. S. DUNN, Robert J. H. DURAN-QUESADA, Ana M. DUTTON, Geoff S. ELKHARRIM, M. ELKINS, James W. EPSTEIN, H. E. ESPINOZA, Jhan C. ETIENNE-LEBLANC, Sheryl FAMIGLIETTI, James S. FARRELL, S. FATEH, S. FAUSTO, R. S. FEELY, Richard A. FENG, Z. FENIMORE, Chris FETTWEIS, X. FIOLETOV, Vitali E. FLANNIGAN, Mike FLEMMING, Johannes FOGT, Ryan L. FOLLAND, Chris FONSECA, C. FORBES, B. C. FOSTER, Michael J. FRANCIS, S. D. FRANZ, Bryan A. FREY, Richard A. FRITH, Stacey M. FROIDEVAUX, Lucien GANTER, Catherine GERLAND, S. GILSON, John GOBRON, Nadine GOLDENBERG, Stanley B. GONI, Gustavo GONZALEZ, Idelmis T. GOTO, A. GREENHOUGH, Marianna D. GROOSS, J. -U. GRUBER, Alexander GUARD, Charles GUPTA, S. K. GUTIERREZ, J. M. HAAS, C. HAGOS, S. HAHN, Sebastian HAIMBERGER, Leo HALL, Brad D. HALPERT, Michael S. HAMLINGTON, Benjamin D. HANNA, E. HANSSEN-BAUER, I HARE, Jon HARRIS, Ian HEIDINGER, Andrew K. HEIM, Richard R., Jr. HENDRICKS, S. HERNANDEZ, Marieta HERNANDEZ, Rafael HIDALGO, Hugo G. HO, Shu-peng HOBBS, William R. HUANG, Boyin HUELSING, Hannah K. HURST, Dale F. IALONGO, I. IJAMPY, J. A. INNESS, Antje ISAKSEN, K. ISHII, Masayoshi JEVREJEVA, Svetlana JIMENEZ, C. JOHN, Viju JOHNS, William E. JOHNSEN, B. JOHNSON, Bryan JOHNSON, Gregory C. JOHNSON, Kenneth S. JONES, Philip D. JUMAUX, Guillaume KABIDI, Khadija KAISER, J. W. KASS, David KATO, Seiji KAZEMI, A. KELEM, G. KELLER, Linda M. KELLY, B. P. KENDON, Mike KENNEDY, John KERR, Kenneth KHOLODOV, A. L. KHOSHKAM, Mahbobeh KILLICK, Rachel KIM, Hyungjun KIM, S. -J. KIMBERLAIN, Todd B. KLOTZBACH, Philip J. KNAFF, John A. KOCHTUBAJDA, Bob KOHLER, J. KORHONEN, Johanna KORSHUNOVA, Natalia N. KRAMAROVA, Natalya KRATZ, D. P. KRUGER, Andries KRUK, Michael C. KRUMPEN, T. LAKATOS, M. LAKKALA, K. LANCKMANN, J. -P. LANDER, Mark A. LANDSCHUETZER, Peter LANDSEA, Chris W. LANKHORST, Matthias LANTZ, Kathleen LAZZARA, Matthew A. LEULIETTE, Eric LEWIS, Stephen R. L'HEUREUX, Michelle LIESER, Jan L. LIN, I-I LIU, Hongxing LIU, Yinghui LOCARNINI, Ricardo LOEB, Norman G. LONG, Craig S. LORANTY, M. LORREY, Andrew M. LOYOLA, Diego LU, Mong-Ming LUMPKIN, Rick LUO, Jing-Jia LUOJUS, K. LYMAN, John M. MACARA, Gregor MACDONALD, Alison M. MACIAS-FAURIA, M. MALKOVA, G. V. MANNEY, G. MARCHENKO, S. S. MARENGO, Jose A. MARRA, John J. MARSZELEWSKI, Wlodzimierz MARTENS, B. MARTINEZ-GUEINGLA, Rodney MASSOM, Robert A. MATHIS, Jeremy T. MAY, Linda MAYER, Michael MAZLOFF, Matthew MCBRIDE, Charlotte MCCABE, M. F. MCCARTHY, Gerard MCCARTHY, M. MCDONAGH, Elaine L. MCGREE, Simon MCVICAR, Tim R. MEARS, Carl A. MEIER, W. MEKONNEN, A. MENEZES, V. V. MENGISTU TSIDU, G. MENZEL, W. Paul MERCHANT, Christopher J. MEREDITH, Michael P. MERRIFIELD, Mark A. MINNIS, Patrick MIRALLES, Diego G. MISTELBAUER, T. MITCHUM, Gary T. MITRO, Srkani MONSELESAN, Didier MONTZKA, Stephen A. MORA, Natalie MORICE, Colin MORROW, Blair MOTE, T. MUDRYK, L. MUEHLE, Jens MULLAN, A. Brett MUELLER, R. NASH, Eric R. NEREM, R. Steven NEWMAN, Louise NEWMAN, Paul A. NIETO, Juan Jose NOETZLI, Jeannette O'NEEL, S. OSBORN, Tim J. OVERLAND, J. OYUNJARGAL, Lamjav PARINUSSA, Robert M. PARK, E-hyung PASCH, Richard J. PASCUAL-RAMIREZ, Reynaldo PATERSON, Andrew M. PEARCE, Petra R. PELLICHERO, Violaine PELTO, Mauri S. PENG, Liang PERKINS-KIRKPATRICK, Sarah E. PEROVICH, D. PETROPAVLOVSKIKH, Irina PEZZA, Alexandre B. PHILLIPS, C. PHILLIPS, David PHOENIX, G. PINTY, Bernard PITTS, Michael C. PONS, M. R. PORTER, Avalon O. QUINTANA, Juan RAHIMZADEH, Fatemeh RAJEEVAN, Madhavan RAYNER, Darren RAYNOLDS, M. K. RAZUVAEV, Vyacheslav N. READ, Peter REAGAN, James REID, Phillip REIMER, Christoph REMY, Samuel RENWICK, James A. REVADEKAR, Jayashree V. RICHTER-MENGE, J. RIMMER, Alon ROBINSON, David A. RODELL, Matthew ROLLENBECK, Ruetger ROMANOVSKY, Vladimir E. RONCHAIL, Josyane ROQUET, F. ROSENLOF, Karen H. ROTH, Chris RUSAK, James A. SALLEE, Jean-Bapiste SANCHEZ-LUGO, Ahira SANTEE, Michelle L. SARMIENTO, Jorge L. SAWAENGPHOKHAI, P. SAYOURI, Amal SCAMBOS, Ted A. SCHEMM, Jae SCHLADOW, S. Geoffrey SCHMID, Claudia SCHMID, Martin SCHOENEICH, P. SCHRECK, Carl J., III SCHUUR, Ted SELKIRK, H. B. SEND, Uwe SENSOY, Serhat SHARP, M. SHI, Lei SHIKLOMANOV, Nikolai I. SHIMARAEVA, Svetlana V. SIEGEL, David A. SIGNORINI, Sergio R. SILOV, Eugene SIMA, Fatou SIMMONS, Adrian J. SMEED, David A. SMEETS, C. J. P. P. SMITH, Adam SMITH, Sharon L. SODEN, B. SPENCE, Jaqueline M. SRIVASTAVA, A. K. STACKHOUSE, Paul W., Jr. STAMMERJOHN, Sharon STEINBRECHT, Wolfgang STELLA, Jose L. STENNETT-BROWN, Roxann STEPHENSON, Tannecia S. STRAHAN, Susan STRELETSKIY, Dimitri A. SUN-MACK, Sunny SWART, Sebastiaan SWEET, William TAMAR, Gerard TAYLOR, Michael A. TEDESCO, M. THOMAN, R. L. THOMPSON, L. THOMPSON, Philip R. TIMMERMANS, M. -L. TIMOFEEV, Maxim A. TIRNANES, Joaquin A. TOBIN, Skie TRACHTE, Katja TREWIN, Blair C. TROTMAN, Adrian R. TSCHUDI, M. TWEEDY, Olga VAN AS, D. VAN DE WAL, R. S. W. VAN DER SCHALIE, Robin VAN DER SCHRIER, Gerard VAN DER WERF, Guido R. VAN MEERBEECK, Cedric J. VELICOGNA, I. VERBURG, Piet VIEIRA, G. VINCENT, Lucie A. VOEMEL, Holger VOSE, Russell S. WAGNER, Wolfgang WAHLIN, Anna WALKER, D. A. WALSH, J. WANG, Bin WANG, Chunzai WANG, Junhong WANG, Lei WANG, M. WANG, Sheng-Hung WANNINKHOF, Rik WATANABE, Shohei WEBER, Mark WELLER, Robert A. WEYHENMEYER, Gesa A. WHITEWOOD, Robert WIESE, David N. WIJFFELS, Susan E. WILBER, Anne C. WILD, Jeanette D. WILLETT, Kate M. WILLIE, Shem WILLIS, Josh K. WOLKEN, G. WONG, Takmeng WOOD, E. F. WOOLWAY, R. Iestyn WOUTERS, B. XUE, Yan YIM, So-Young YIN, Xungang YU, Lisan ZAMBRANO, Eduardo ZHANG, Huai-Min ZHANG, Peiqun ZHAO, Guanguo ZHAO, Lin ZIEMKE, Jerry R. 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C1 NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. 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Inst Uruguayo Meteorol, Montevideo, Uruguay. Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. Deutscher Wetterdienst, WMO RA VI Reg Climate Ctr Network, Offenbach, Germany. Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Tromso, Norway. NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. CNRS UPMC, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. Inst Meteorol Cuba, Climate Ctr, Havana, Cuba. Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. WMO Atmospher Environm Res Div, Geneva, Switzerland. Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Russian Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia. Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. Univ West Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston, Jamaica. Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RSMC La Reunion, Meteo France, La Reunion, France. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA USA. NOAA OAR Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA. Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Geol, Longyearbyen, Norway. Univ Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geography Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. CPTEC INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasts & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. German Aerosp Ctr DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. 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George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. Dept Water Resources, Div Meteorol, Banjul, Gambia. Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Meteorol Serv, Kingston, Jamaica. Indian Meteorol Dept, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. German Weather Serv DWD, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Serv Meteorol Nacl, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. CSIR Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observ, Stellenbosch, South Africa. NOAA NOS Ctr Operat Oceanog Products & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. Grenada Airports Author, St Georges, Grenada. NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada. 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C2 NOAA, USA MET OFF HADLEY CTR, UK TRINIDAD & TOBAGO METEOROL SERV, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO AGENCE NATL AVIAT CIVILE & METEOROL, COMOROS UNIV WISCONSIN, USA UNIV MARYLAND, USA UNIV COSTA RICA, COSTA RICA UNIV COSTA RICA, COSTA RICA UNIV READING, UK INST HIDROL METEOROL & ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES COLOM, COLOMBIA INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS, BRAZIL NORWEGIAN WATER RESOURCES & ENERGY DIRECTORATE, NORWAY RUSSIAN INST HYDROMETEOROL INFORMAT, RUSSIA NOAA, USA EGYPTIAN METEOROL AUTHOR, EGYPT UNIV GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN DIRECC METEOROL & HIDROL DINAC, PARAGUAY ISLAMIC REPUBL IRAN METEOROL ORG, IRAN UNIV AUSTRAL CHILE, CHILE CTR CLIMATE & RESILIENCE RES, CHILE UNIV PONTIFICIA CATOLICA VALPARAISO, CHILE NOAA, USA ARGENTINE NAVAL HYDROG SERV, ARGENTINA NOAA, USA UNIV PRINCETON, USA DEUTSCH WETTERDIENST, GERMANY NASA LANGLEY RES CTR, USA UNIV OREGON STATE, USA SEYCHELLES NATL METEOROL SERV, SEYCHELLES ECMWF, UK BIOSPHER INSTRUMENTS, USA NOC, UK UNIV BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, USA INST 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USA GREATER WELLINGTON REG COUNCIL, NEW ZEALAND UNIV SHEFFIELD, UK AGENCIA ESTATAL METEOROL, SPAIN CAYMAN ISL NATL WEATHER SERV, CAYMAN ISLANDS DIRECC METEOROL CHILE, CHILE ATMOSPHER SCI & METEOROL RES CTR, IRAN MINIST EARTH SCI, INDIA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, USA RIHMI-WDC, RUSSIA UNIV OXFORD, UK CAWRC, AUSTRALIA EODC, AUSTRIA VICTORIA UNIV WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND INDIAN INST TROP METEOROL, INDIA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, USA IOLR, ISRAEL UNIV RUTGERS STATE, USA NASA, USA UNIV MARBURG, GERMANY UNIV TYUMEN STATE, RUSSIA UNIV PARIS 07, FRANCE STOCKHOLM UNIV MISU, SWEDEN NASA JET PROPULS LAB, USA UNIV PRINCETON, USA UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, USA UNIV CALIF DAVIS, USA EAWAG, SWITZERLAND UNIV GRENOBLE ALPES, FRANCE UNIV N CAROLINA STATE, USA UNIV NO ARIZONA, USA NASA, USA UNIV ALBERTA, CANADA UNIV GEORGE WASHINGTON, USA UNIV IRKUTSK STATE, RUSSIA UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, USA SCI APPLICAT INT CORP, USA DEPT WATER RESOURCES, GAMBIA UNIV UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS NAT RESOURCES CANADA, CANADA METEOROL SERV, JAMAICA INDIAN METEOROL DEPT, INDIA UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, USA GERMAN WEATHER SERV DWD, GERMANY SERV METEOROL NACL, ARGENTINA CSIR SOCCO, SOUTH AFRICA NOAA, USA GRENADA AIRPORTS AUTHOR, GRENADA NASA, USA NOAA, USA UNIV SIMON FRASER, CANADA UNIV YALE, USA UNIV SANTIAGO COMPOSTELA, SPAIN UNIV PHILIPPS, GERMANY CARIBBEAN INST METEOROL & HYDROL, BARBADOS UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, USA UNIV JOHNS HOPKINS, USA UNIV VRIJE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS UNIV CALIF IRVINE, USA UNIV LISBON, PORTUGAL NCAR NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, USA UNIV HAWAII, USA IPRC, USA SCSIO, CHINA UNIV LOUISIANA STATE, USA UNIV BREMEN, GERMANY UNIV UPPSALA, SWEDEN NOAA, USA ST LUCIA METEOROL SERV, AUSTRALIA UNIV BRISTOL, UK BEIJING CLIMATE CTR, CHINA CAREERI, CHINA UNIV MORGAN STATE, USA IF 7.804 TC 80 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00673/78500/80851.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00673/78500/80852.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00673/78500/80859.pdf LA English DT Article CR OISO - OCÉAN INDIEN SERVICE D'OBSERVATION AB In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses. PY 2017 PD AUG SO Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society SN 0003-0007 PU Amer Meteorological Soc VL 98 IS 8 UT 000412758300001 DI 10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 ID 78500 ER EF