FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Global Carbon Budget 2019 BT AF FRIEDLINGSTEIN, Pierre JONES, Matthew W. O'SULLIVAN, Michael ANDREW, Robbie M. HAUCK, Judith PETERS, Glen P. PETERS, Wouter PONGRATZ, Julia SITCH, Stephen LE QUERE, Corinne BAKKER, Dorothee C. E. CANADELL, Josep G. CIAIS, Philippe JACKSON, Robert B. ANTHONI, Peter BARBERO, Leticia BASTOS, Ana BASTRIKOV, Vladislav BECKER, Meike BOPP, Laurent BUITENHUIS, Erik CHANDRA, Naveen CHEVALLIER, Frederic CHINI, Louise P. CURRIE, Kim I. FEELY, Richard A. GEHLEN, Marion GILFILLAN, Dennis GKRITZALIS, Thanos GOLL, Daniel S. GRUBER, Nicolas GUTEKUNST, Soeren HARRIS, Ian HAVERD, Vanessa HOUGHTON, Richard A. HURTT, George ILYINA, Tatiana JAIN, Atul K. JOETZJER, Emilie KAPLAN, Jed O. KATO, Etsushi GOLDEWIJK, Kees Klein KORSBAKKEN, Jan Ivar LANDSCHUETZER, Peter LAUVSET, Siv K. LEFEVRE, Nathalie LENTON, Andrew LIENERT, Sebastian LOMBARDOZZI, Danica MARLAND, Gregg MCGUIRE, Patrick C. MELTON, Joe R. METZL, Nicolas MUNRO, David R. NABEL, Julia E. M. S. NAKAOKA, Shin-Ichiro NEILL, Craig OMAR, Abdirahman M. ONO, Tsuneo PEREGON, Anna PIERROT, Denis POULTER, Benjamin REHDER, Gregor RESPLANDY, Laure ROBERTSON, Eddy RODENBECK, Christian SEFERIAN, Roland SCHWINGER, Joerg SMITH, Naomi TANS, Pieter P. TIAN, Hanqin TILBROOK, Bronte TUBIELLO, Francesco N. VAN DER WERF, Guido R. WILTSHIRE, Andrew J. ZAEHLE, Sonke AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:1;4:4;5:5;6:4;7:6,7;8:8,9;9:10;10:3;11:3;12:11;13:12;14:13,14;15:15;16:16,17;17:8;18:12;19:18,19;20:2;21:3;22:20;23:12;24:21;25:22;26:23;27:12;28:24;29:25;30:26;31:27,28;32:29;33:30;34:11;35:31;36:21;37:9;38:32;39:33;40:34;41:35;42:36,37;43:4;44:9;45:19,38;46:39;47:40,41;48:42,43;49:44;50:24;51:45;52:46;53:39;54:47;55:9;56:48;57:40;58:19,40;59:49;60:12,50;61:16,17;62:51;63:52;64:53,54;65:55;66:56;67:33;68:19,36;69:6,57;70:58;71:59;72:40,60;73:61;74:62;75:55;76:56; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:;34:;35:;36:;37:;38:;39:;40:;41:;42:;43:;44:;45:;46:;47:;48:;49:;50:;51:;52:;53:;54:;55:;56:;57:;58:;59:;60:;61:;62:;63:;64:;65:;66:;67:;68:;69:;70:;71:;72:;73:;74:;75:;76:; C1 Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. 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C2 UNIV EXETER, UK UNIV PARIS 6, FRANCE UNIV EAST ANGLIA, UK CICERO, NORWAY INST A WEGENER, GERMANY UNIV WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS UNIV GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS UNIV MUNCHEN, GERMANY MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL, GERMANY UNIV EXETER, UK CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UNIV VERSAILLES, FRANCE UNIV STANFORD, USA UNIV STANFORD, USA KARLSRUHE INST TECHNOL, GERMANY UNIV MIAMI, USA NOAA, USA UNIV BERGEN, NORWAY BCCR, NORWAY JAMSTEC, JAPAN UNIV MARYLAND, USA NIWA, NEW ZEALAND NOAA, USA UNIV APPALACHIAN STATE, USA VLIZ, BELGIUM UNIV AUGSBURG, GERMANY ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND CTR CLIMATE SYST MODELING, SWITZERLAND IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY UNIV E ANGLIA, UK WOODS HOLE RES CTR, USA UNIV ILLINOIS, USA CNRM (METEO FRANCE), FRANCE UNIV HONG KONG, CHINA INST APPL ENERGY, JAPAN PBL NETHERLANDS ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT AGCY, NETHERLANDS COPERNICUS INST SUSTAINABLE DEV, NETHERLANDS NORCE CLIMATE, NORWAY UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UNIV TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA UNIV BERN, SWITZERLAND UNIV BERN, SWITZERLAND NCAR NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, USA UNIV READING, UK ENVIRONM & CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA, CANADA UNIV COLORADO, USA NIES, JAPAN JAPAN FISHERIES RES & EDUC AGCY, JAPAN RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, RUSSIA NASA, USA LEIBNIZ INST BALT SEA RES (IOW), GERMANY UNIV PRINCETON, USA UNIV PRINCETON, USA MET OFF HADLEY CTR, UK MAX PLANCK INST BIOGEOCHEM, GERMANY UNIV LUND, SWEDEN NOAA, USA UNIV AUBURN, USA UNIV TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA UN, ITALY UNIV VRIJE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS IN DOAJ IF 9.197 TC 953 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78799/81025.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78799/81026.pdf LA English DT Article CR OISO - OCÉAN INDIEN SERVICE D'OBSERVATION AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the last decade available (2009-2018), E-FF was 9.5 +/- 0.5 GtC yr 1, E-LUC 1.5 +/- 0.7 GtC yr 1, G(ATM) 4.9 +/- 0.02 GtC yr(-1) (2.3 +/- 0.01 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN 2.5 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND 3.2 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1), with a budget imbalance B-IM of 0.4 GtC yr(-1) indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For the year 2018 alone, the growth in E-FF was about 2.1% and fossil emissions increased to 10.0 +/- 0.5 GtC yr 1, reaching 10 GtC yr(-1) for the first time in history, E-LUC was 1.5 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), for total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1) (42.5 +/- 3.3 GtCO(2)). Also for 2018, G(ATM) was 5.1 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1) (2.4 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN was 2.6 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 3.5 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), with a B-IM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 407.38 +/- 0.1 ppm averaged over 2018. For 2019, preliminary data for the first 6-10 months indicate a reduced growth in E-FF of +0.6% (range of -0.2% to 1.5 %) based on national emissions projections for China, the USA, the EU, and India and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. Overall, the mean and trend in the five components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2018, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr(-1) persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. A detailed comparison among individual estimates and the introduction of a broad range of observations shows (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land use change emissions over the last decade, (2) a persistent low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent underestimation of the CO2 variability by ocean models outside the tropics. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quere et al., 2018a, b, 2016, 2015a, b, 2014, 2013). PY 2019 PD DEC SO Earth System Science Data SN 1866-3508 PU Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh VL 11 IS 4 UT 000500962900001 BP 1783 EP 1838 DI 10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019 ID 78799 ER EF