TY - JOUR T1 - Changing Biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and Its Ecosystem Implications A1 - Henley,Sian F. A1 - Cavan,Emma L. A1 - Fawcett,Sarah E. A1 - Kerr,Rodrigo A1 - Monteiro,Thiago A1 - Sherrell,Robert M. A1 - Bowie,Andrew R. A1 - Boyd,Philip W. A1 - Barnes,David K. A. A1 - Schloss,Irene R. A1 - Marshall,Tanya A1 - Flynn,Raquel A1 - Smith,Shantelle AD - Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. AD - Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot, Berks, England. AD - Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Cape Town, South Africa. AD - Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Inst Oceanog, Lab Estudos Oceans & Cilma, Rio Grande, Brazil. AD - Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. AD - Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. AD - Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Battery Point, Tas, Australia. AD - British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. AD - Inst Antartico Argentino, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. AD - Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Austral Invest Cient, Ushuaia, Argentina. AD - Univ Nacl Terra Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina. UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78831/ DO - 10.3389/fmars.2020.00581 KW - Southern Ocean KW - biogeochemistry KW - primary production KW - iron KW - nutrients KW - carbon KW - ecosystem KW - ocean acidification N2 - The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying nutrients to the global thermocline, thereby influencing global primary production and carbon export. Biogeochemical processes within the Southern Ocean regulate regional primary production and biological carbon uptake, primarily through iron supply, and support ecosystem functioning over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here, we assimilate existing knowledge and present new data to examine the biogeochemical cycles of iron, carbon and major nutrients, their key drivers and their responses to, and roles in, contemporary climate and environmental change. Projected increases in iron supply, coupled with increases in light availability to phytoplankton through increased near-surface stratification and longer ice-free periods, are very likely to increase primary production and carbon export around Antarctica. Biological carbon uptake is likely to increase for the Southern Ocean as a whole, whilst there is greater uncertainty around projections of primary production in the Sub-Antarctic and basin-wide changes in phytoplankton species composition, as well as their biogeochemical consequences. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, higher trophic level organisms and microbial communities are strongly influenced by Southern Ocean biogeochemistry, in particular through nutrient supply and ocean acidification. In turn, these organisms exert important controls on biogeochemistry through carbon storage and export, nutrient recycling and redistribution, and benthic-pelagic coupling. The key processes described in this paper are summarised in the Graphical Abstract. Climate-mediated changes in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry over the coming decades are very likely to impact primary production, sea-air CO2 exchange and ecosystem functioning within and beyond this vast and critically important ocean region. Y1 - 2020/07 PB - Frontiers Media Sa JF - Frontiers In Marine Science SN - 2296-7745 VL - 7 ID - 78831 ER -