FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Changing Biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and Its Ecosystem Implications BT AF HENLEY, Sian F. CAVAN, Emma L. FAWCETT, Sarah E. KERR, Rodrigo MONTEIRO, Thiago SHERRELL, Robert M. BOWIE, Andrew R. BOYD, Philip W. BARNES, David K. A. SCHLOSS, Irene R. MARSHALL, Tanya FLYNN, Raquel SMITH, Shantelle AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;5:4;6:5,6;7:7;8:7;9:8;10:9,10,11;11:3;12:3;13:3; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:; C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot, Berks, England. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Inst Oceanog, Lab Estudos Oceans & Cilma, Rio Grande, Brazil. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Battery Point, Tas, Australia. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. Inst Antartico Argentino, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Austral Invest Cient, Ushuaia, Argentina. Univ Nacl Terra Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina. C2 UNIV EDINBURGH, UK IMPERIAL COLL LONDON, UK UNIV CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA UNIV FED RIO GRANDE FURG, BRAZIL UNIV RUTGERS STATE, USA UNIV RUTGERS STATE, USA UNIV TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY, UK INST ANTARTICO ARGENTINO, ARGENTINA CONICET, ARGENTINA UNIV NACL TERRA FUEGO, ARGENTINA IN DOAJ IF 5.247 TC 98 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78831/81113.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78831/81114.pdf LA English DT Article CR OISO - OCÉAN INDIEN SERVICE D'OBSERVATION DE ;Southern Ocean;biogeochemistry;primary production;iron;nutrients;carbon;ecosystem;ocean acidification AB The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying nutrients to the global thermocline, thereby influencing global primary production and carbon export. Biogeochemical processes within the Southern Ocean regulate regional primary production and biological carbon uptake, primarily through iron supply, and support ecosystem functioning over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here, we assimilate existing knowledge and present new data to examine the biogeochemical cycles of iron, carbon and major nutrients, their key drivers and their responses to, and roles in, contemporary climate and environmental change. Projected increases in iron supply, coupled with increases in light availability to phytoplankton through increased near-surface stratification and longer ice-free periods, are very likely to increase primary production and carbon export around Antarctica. Biological carbon uptake is likely to increase for the Southern Ocean as a whole, whilst there is greater uncertainty around projections of primary production in the Sub-Antarctic and basin-wide changes in phytoplankton species composition, as well as their biogeochemical consequences. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, higher trophic level organisms and microbial communities are strongly influenced by Southern Ocean biogeochemistry, in particular through nutrient supply and ocean acidification. In turn, these organisms exert important controls on biogeochemistry through carbon storage and export, nutrient recycling and redistribution, and benthic-pelagic coupling. The key processes described in this paper are summarised in the Graphical Abstract. Climate-mediated changes in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry over the coming decades are very likely to impact primary production, sea-air CO2 exchange and ecosystem functioning within and beyond this vast and critically important ocean region. PY 2020 PD JUN SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media Sa VL 7 UT 000556194400001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2020.00581 ID 78831 ER EF