FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Global Carbon Budget 2020 BT AF FRIEDLINGSTEIN, Pierre O'SULLIVAN, Michael JONES, Matthew W. ANDREW, Robbie M. HAUCK, Judith OLSEN, Are PETERS, Glen P. PETERS, Wouter PONGRATZ, Julia SITCH, Stephen LE QUERE, Corinne CANADELL, Josep G. CIAIS, Philippe JACKSON, Robert B. ALIN, Simone ARAGAO, Luiz E. O. C. ARNETH, Almut ARORA, Vivek BATES, Nicholas R. BECKER, Meike BENOIT-CATTIN, Alice BITTIG, Henry C. BOPP, Laurent BULTAN, Selma CHANDRA, Naveen CHEVALLIER, Frederic CHINI, Louise P. EVANS, Wiley FLORENTIE, Liesbeth FORSTER, Piers M. GASSER, Thomas GEHLEN, Marion GILFILLAN, Dennis GKRITZALIS, Thanos GREGOR, Luke GRUBER, Nicolas HARRIS, Ian HARTUNG, Kerstin HAVERD, Vanessa HOUGHTON, Richard A. ILYINA, Tatiana JAIN, Atul K. JOETZJER, Emilie KADONO, Koji KATO, Etsushi KITIDIS, Vassilis KORSBAKKEN, Jan Ivar LANDSCHUTZER, Peter LEFEVRE, Nathalie LENTON, Andrew LIENERT, Sebastian LIU, Zhu LOMBARDOZZI, Danica MARLAND, Gregg METZL, Nicolas MUNRO, David R. NABEL, Julia E. M. S. NAKAOKA, Shin-Ichiro NIWA, Yosuke O'BRIEN, Kevin ONO, Tsuneo PALMER, Paul I. PIERROT, Denis POULTER, Benjamin RESPLANDY, Laure ROBERTSON, Eddy RODENBECK, Christian SCHWINGER, Jorg SEFERIAN, Roland SKJELVAN, Ingunn SMITH, Adam J. P. SUTTON, Adrienne J. TANHUA, Toste TANS, Pieter P. TIAN, Hanqin TILBROOK, Bronte VAN DER WERF, Guido VUICHARD, Nicolas WALKER, Anthony P. WANNINKHOF, Rik WATSON, Andrew J. WILLIS, David WILTSHIRE, Andrew J. YUAN, Wenping YUE, Xu ZAEHLE, Sonke AS 1:1,2;2:2;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:6,7;7:4;8:8,9;9:10,11;10:12;11:3;12:13;13:14;14:15,16;15:17;16:18;17:19;18:20;19:21,22;20:6,7;21:23;22:24;23:24;24:10;25:25,26;26:14;27:27;28:28;29:8;30:29;31:30;32:14;33:31;34:32;35:33,34,35;36:34,35;37:36;38:73;39:;40:37;41:;42:;43:38;44:39;45:40;46:41;47:4;48:;49:42;50:43;51:44,45;52:46;53:47;54:48;55:42;56:49,50;57:;58:;59:51;60:17,52;61:53;62:54,55;63:56;64:57;65:58,59;66:60;67:61;68:62;69:38;70:62;71:;72:17;73:63;74:64;75:65;76:43,66;77:67;78:14;79:68,69;80:56;81:12;82:70;83:60;84:71;85:72;86:61; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:;34:;35:;36:;37:;38:;39:;40:;41:;42:;43:;44:;45:;46:;47:;48:;49:;50:;51:;52:;53:;54:;55:;56:;57:;58:;59:;60:;61:;62:;63:;64:;65:;66:;67:;68:;69:;70:;71:;72:;73:;74:;75:;76:;77:;78:;79:;80:;81:;82:;83:;84:;85:;86:; C1 Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. UPMC X, Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,Lab Meteorol Dynam, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. CICERO Ctr Int Climate Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. Helmholtz Zentum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. Wageningen Univ, Environm Sci Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Luisenstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2101, Australia. Univ Paris Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL, CEA,CNRS,UVSQ, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Natl Inst Space Res, Remote Sensing Div, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Div Climate Res, Victoria, BC, Canada. Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci BIOS, 17 Biol Lane, St Georges GE01, Bermuda. Univ Southampton, Dept Ocean & Earth Sci, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Marine & Freshwater Res Inst, Fornubudir 5, IS-220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland. Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res Warnemuende IOW, Seestr 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. Univ PSL, Sorbonne Univ, Ecole Polytech,Lab Meteorol Dynam, Ecole Normale Super,Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,CNR, Paris, France. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hakai Inst, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada. Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Schlosspl 1, A-12361 Laxenburg, Austria. Appalachian State Univ, Res Inst Environm Energy & Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Flanders Marine Inst VLIZ, InnovOceanSite,Wandelaarkaai 7, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Environm Phys Grp, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. Ctr Climate Syst Modeling C2SM, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, NCAS Climate, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. Inst Appl Energy, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050003, Japan. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL13DH, Devon, England. Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD, MNHN,LOCEAN,IPSL Lab, Paris, France. CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Terr Sci Sect, Climate & Global Dynam, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, GML, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. Univ Washington, Cooperat Inst Climate Ocean & Ecosyst Studies, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Kanazawa Ku, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. Univ Edinburgh, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, School GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, POB 600164,Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. NORCE Norwegian Res Ctr, Jahnebakken 5, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Tasmania, Australian Antarct Partnership Program, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Vrije Univ, Fac Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ East Anglia, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhuhai Key Lab Dynam Urban Climate & Ecol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Climate Change & Nat Disas, Sch Atmospher Sci, Zhuhai 510245, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm & Equip, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. C2 UNIV EXETER, UK ENSAGRO, FRANCE UNIV E ANGLIA, UK CICERO, NORWAY INST A WEGENER, GERMANY UNIV BERGEN, NORWAY BCCR, NORWAY UNIV WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS UNIV GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS UNIV MUNCHEN, GERMANY MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL, GERMANY UNIV EXETER, UK CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UNIV PARIS SACLAY, FRANCE UNIV STANFORD, USA UNIV STANFORD, USA NOAA, USA NATL INST SPACE RES, BRAZIL KARLSRUHE INST TECHNOL, GERMANY ENVIRONM & CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA, CANADA BERMUDA INST OCEAN SCI BIOS, BERMUDA UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, UK MARINE & FRESHWATER RES INST, ICELAND LEIBNIZ INST BALT SEA RES (IOW), GERMANY UNIV PSL, FRANCE JAMSTEC, JAPAN NIES, JAPAN UNIV MARYLAND, USA HAKAI INST, CANADA UNIV LEEDS, UK IIASA, AUSTRIA UNIV APPALACHIAN STATE, USA VLIZ, BELGIUM ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C2SM, SWITZERLAND UNIV E ANGLIA, UK WOODS HOLE RES CTR, USA UNIV ILLINOIS, USA JAPAN METEOROL AGCY, JAPAN INST APPL ENERGY, JAPAN PML, UK UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UNIV BERN, SWITZERLAND UNIV BERN, SWITZERLAND UNIV TSINGHUA, CHINA NCAR NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, USA APPALACHIAN STATE UNIV, USA UNIV COLORADO, USA NOAA, USA METEOROL RES INST, JAPAN UNIV WASHINGTON, USA JAPAN FISHERIES RES & EDUC AGCY, JAPAN UNIV EDINBURGH, UK UNIV EDINBURGH, UK NOAA, USA NASA, USA UNIV PRINCETON, USA UNIV PRINCETON, USA MET OFF HADLEY CTR, UK MAX PLANCK INST BIOGEOCHEM, GERMANY NORCE NORWEGIAN RES CTR, NORWAY IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY NOAA, USA UNIV AUBURN, USA UNIV TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA VRIJE UNIV, NETHERLANDS OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, USA OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, USA UNIV EAST ANGLIA, UK UNIV SUN YAT SEN, CHINA UNIV NANJING, CHINA DEUTSCH ZENTRUM LUFT & RAUMFAHRT, GERMANY IN DOAJ IF 11.333 TC 1202 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00677/78860/81159.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00677/78860/81160.zip https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00677/78860/81161.pdf LA English DT Article CR OISO - OCÉAN INDIEN SERVICE D'OBSERVATION AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions ( EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change ( ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink ( SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink ( S-LAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance ( B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the last decade available (2010-2019), E-FOS was 9.6 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) excluding the cement carbonation sink (9.4 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.6 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1). For the same decade, GATM was 5.1 +/- 0.02 GtC yr(-1) (2.4 +/- 0.01 ppm yr(-1)), SOCEAN 2.5 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1) and SLAND 3.4 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1), with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.1 GtC yr(-1) indicating a near balance between estimated sources and sinks over the last decade. For the year 2019 alone, the growth in EFOS was only about 0.1% with fossil emissions increasing to 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) excluding the cement carbonation sink (9.7 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.8 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), for total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr 1 (42.2 +/- 3.3 GtCO(2)). Also for 2019, GATM was 5.4 +/- 0.2 GtC yr 1 (2.5 +/- 0.1 ppm yr 1), SOCEAN was 2.6 +/- 0.6 GtC yr 1, and SLAND was 3.1 +/- 1.2 GtC yr(-1), with a BIM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 409.85 +/- 0.1 ppm averaged over 2019. Preliminary data for 2020, accounting for the COVID-19-induced changes in emissions, suggest a decrease in EFOS relative to 2019 of about 7% (median estimate) based on individual estimates from four studies of 6 %, 7 %, 7% ( 3% to 11 %), and 13 %. Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2019, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr 1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. Comparison of estimates from diverse approaches and observations shows (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land-use change emissions over the last decade, (2) a persistent low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent discrepancy between the different methods for the ocean sink outside the tropics, particularly in the Southern Ocean. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set (Friedlingstein et al., 2019; Le Quere et al., 2018b, a, 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). The data presented in this work are available at https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2020 (Friedlingstein et al., 2020). PY 2020 PD DEC SO Earth System Science Data SN 1866-3508 PU Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh VL 12 IS 4 UT 000599511400001 BP 3269 EP 3340 DI 10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020 ID 78860 ER EF