FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI BGC‐Argo floats observe nitrate injection and spring phytoplankton increase in the surface layer of Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) BT AF D'Ortenzio, F. Taillandier, V. Claustre, H. Coppola, L. Conan, P. Dumas, Franck Durrieu du Madron, X. Fourrier, M. Gogou, A. Karageorgis, A. Lefevre, Dominique Leymarie, E. Oviedo, A. Pavlidou, A. Poteau, A. Poulain, P.M. Prieur, L Psarra, S. Puyo‐Pay, M. Ribera d'Alcalà, M. Schmechtig, C. Terrats, L. Velaoras, D. Wagener, T. Wimart‐Rousseau, C. AS 1:1;2:1;3:1;4:2;5:3;6:4;7:5;8:1;9:6;10:6;11:7;12:1;13:8;14:6;15:1;16:9;17:1;18:6;19:3;20:10;21:11;22:1,12;23:6;24:7;25:7; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:; C1 Sorbonne Université CNRS Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche LOV, 06230Villefranche‐sur‐Mer ,France Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut de la Mer de Villefranche 06230Villefranche‐sur‐Mer ,France Sorbonne Université CNRS Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls 1 avenue Pierre Fabre66650 Banyuls‐sur‐Mer ,France Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine – SHOM 13 rue du Chatellier29200 Brest, France CEFREM CNRS‐Université de Perpignan Via Domitia 52 Avenue Paul Alduy66860 Perpignan ,France HCMR Institute of Oceanography Athinon ‐ Souniou Ave (46.7th km)19013 Anavyssos, Greece Aix Marseille Université Université de Toulon CNRS IRD MIO Marseille, France Independent Researcher 322 Chemin du Lazaret06230 Villefranche‐sur‐Mer ,France National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics ‐ OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/C34010 Sgonico (TS) ,Italy Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, SZN Villa Comunale80121 Napoli ,Italy OSU Ecce Terra, UMS CNRS and Université Pierre et Marie Curie 3455Paris 6 Paris, France ACRI‐ST 06904Sophia Antipolis ,France C2 CNRS, FRANCE UNIV SORBONNE, FRANCE UNIV SORBONNE, FRANCE SHOM, FRANCE UNIV PERPIGNAN, FRANCE HELLENIC CTR MARINE RES, GREECE UNIV AIX MARSEILLE, FRANCE Independent Researcher 322 Chemin du Lazaret06230 Villefranche‐sur‐Mer ,France OGS, ITALY STAZ ZOOL ANTON DOHRN, ITALY UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE ACRI, FRANCE SI SHOM BREST TOULON SE SHOM-REC MIO IF 5.576 TC 4 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00685/79744/82515.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00685/79744/82516.pdf LA English DT Article CR PERLE2 PERLE3 PERLE3 BO Pourquoi pas ? L'Atalante AB In the eastern Mediterranean Sea, satellites have observed events of spring surface‐chlorophyll increase in the Rhodes Gyre region recurring intermittently. Few in situ biogeochemical data, however, exist to confirm their consistency, elucidate their seasonal characteristics, or discriminate among the possible drivers. During the year 2018, an array of BGC‐Argo floats was deployed in the region, collecting the first‐ever annual time series of in situ profiles of biogeochemical parameters in this area. Their observations demonstrated that nitrates, driven by mixed‐layer dynamics, were available at surface from December 2018 onwards and could have sustained phytoplankton growth. Phytoplankton accumulation at the surface was observed by satellite only in March 2019 when the mixed‐layer depth shoaled. These findings confirm that blooms occurring before the start of seasonal stratification are not easily recorded by satellite observations and reaffirm the need to consolidate the BGC‐Argo network to establish time series of the evolution of biogeochemical processes. Plain Language Summary The Levantine Sea, the easternmost area of Mediterranean Sea, is considered one of the poorest oceans on the Earth in terms of abundance of phytoplankton, the microscopic organisms that fuel the marine food web. However, historical data and satellite maps of chlorophyll (the pigment that reveals phytoplankton presence in the water) show episodic increases in the concentration of this pigment in the area near the island of Rhodes. To elucidate the characteristics of these events, a set of six robotic instruments (i.e. the BGC‐Argo floats) was deployed in the Levantine Sea in 2018. A BGC‐Argo float is an autonomous, free‐floating instrument that makes oceanic observations over the first 2,000 meters of the water column on a regular basis. This article presents an analysis of the data collected by these six robots. They provided the very first annual time series of biogeochemical observations in area, including during winter, when ship and satellite data are hard to collect. Our results reveal the increase in phytoplankton occurring before the start of seasonal stratification, increase that is not easily recorded by satellite observations and reaffirm the need to consolidate the BGC‐Argo network to establish time series of the evolution of biogeochemical processes. PY 2021 PD APR SO Geophysical Research Letters SN 0094-8276 PU American Geophysical Union (AGU) VL 48 IS 8 UT 000672324900017 DI 10.1029/2020GL091649 ID 79744 ER EF