FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Mesoscale Temporal Wind Variability Biases Global Air–Sea Gas Transfer Velocity of CO2 and Other Slightly Soluble Gases
BT 
AF Gu, Yuanyuan
   Katul, Gabriel G.
   Cassar, Nicolas
AS 1:1,2;2:3,4;3:1,5;
FF 1:;2:;3:;
C1 Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
   College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
   Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
   CNRS, Univ Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
C2 UNIV DUKE, USA
   UNIV HOHAI, CHINA
   UNIV DUKE, USA
   UNIV DUKE, USA
   CNRS, FRANCE
UM LEMAR
IN WOS Cotutelle UMR
   DOAJ
   copubli-int-hors-europe
   copubli-sud
IF 5.349
TC 2
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00687/79949/82869.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00687/79949/82871.pdf
LA English
DT Article
DE ;carbon dioxide;gas transfer velocity;time-averaging;wind speeds
AB The significance of the water-side gas transfer velocity for air–sea CO2 gas exchange (k) and its non-linear dependence on wind speed (U) is well accepted. What remains a subject of inquiry are biases associated with the form of the non-linear relation linking k to U (hereafter labeled as f(U), where f(.) stands for an arbitrary function of U), the distributional properties of U (treated as a random variable) along with other external factors influencing k, and the time-averaging period used to determine k from U. To address the latter issue, a Taylor series expansion is applied to separate f(U) into a term derived from time-averaging wind speed (labeled as ⟨U⟩, where ⟨.⟩ indicates averaging over a monthly time scale) as currently employed in climate models and additive bias corrections that vary with the statistics of U. The method was explored for nine widely used f(U) parameterizations based on remotely-sensed 6-hourly global wind products at 10 m above the sea-surface. The bias in k of monthly estimates compared to the reference 6-hourly product was shown to be mainly associated with wind variability captured by the standard deviation σσU around ⟨U⟩ or, more preferably, a dimensionless coefficient of variation Iu= σσU/⟨U⟩. The proposed correction outperforms previous methodologies that adjusted k when using ⟨U⟩ only. An unexpected outcome was that upon setting I2u = 0.15 to correct biases when using monthly wind speed averages, the new model produced superior results at the global and regional scale compared to prior correction methodologies. Finally, an equation relating I2u to the time-averaging interval (spanning from 6 h to a month) is presented to enable other sub-monthly averaging periods to be used. While the focus here is on CO2, the theoretical tactic employed can be applied to other slightly soluble gases. As monthly and climatological wind data are often used in climate models for gas transfer estimates, the proposed approach provides a robust scheme that can be readily implemented in current climate models 
PY 2021
PD APR
SO Remote Sensing
SN 2072-4292
PU MDPI AG
VL 13
IS 7
UT 000638795800001
DI 10.3390/rs13071328
ID 79949
ER

EF