TY - JOUR T1 - Role of small Rhizaria and diatoms in the pelagic silica production of the Southern Ocean A1 - Llopis Monferrer,Natalia A1 - Leynaert,Aude A1 - Tréguer,Paul A1 - Gutiérrez‐rodríguez,Andrés A1 - Moriceau,Brivaela A1 - Gallinari,Morgane A1 - Latasa,Mikel A1 - L'Helguen,Stéphane A1 - Maguer,Jean-Francois A1 - Safi,Karl A1 - Pinkerton,Matthew H. A1 - Not,Fabrice AD - Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD,IFREMER, LEMAR F‐29280, Plouzane, France AD - Sorbonne University, CNRS, UMR7144, Ecology of Marine Plankton Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff Roscoff, France AD - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington, New Zealand AD - Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón/Xixón Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) Gijón/Xixón Asturias, Spain AD - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Hamilton, New Zealand AD - Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD,IFREMER, LEMAR F‐29280, Plouzane, France UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00692/80407/ DO - 10.1002/lno.11743 N2 - We examined biogenic silica production and elementary composition (biogenic Si, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen) of Rhizaria and diatoms in the upper 200 m along a transect in the Southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer (January–February 2019). From incubations using the 32Si radioisotope, silicic acid uptake rates were measured at 15 stations distributed in the Polar Front Zone, the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Ross Sea Gyre. Rhizaria cells are heavily silicified (up to 7.6 nmol Si cell−1), displaying higher biogenic Si content than similar size specimens found in other areas of the global ocean, suggesting a higher degree of silicification of these organisms in the silicic acid rich Southern Ocean. Despite their high biogenic Si and carbon content, the Si/C molar ratio (average of 0.05 ± 0.03) is quite low compared to that of diatoms and relatively constant regardless of the environmental conditions. The direct measurements of Rhizaria's biogenic Si production (0.8–36.8 μmol Si m−2 d−1) are of the same order of magnitude than previous indirect estimations, confirming the importance of the Southern Ocean for the global Rhizaria silica production. However, diatoms largely dominated the biogenic Si standing stock and production of the euphotic layer, with low rhizarians' abundances and biogenic Si production (no more than 1%). In this manuscript, we discuss the Antarctic paradox of Rhizaria, that is, the potential high accumulation rates of biogenic Si due to Rhizaria in siliceous sediments despite their low production rates in surface waters. Y1 - 2021/06 PB - Wiley JF - Limnology And Oceanography SN - 0024-3590 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 2187 EP - 2202 ID - 80407 ER -