FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Maximizing regional biodiversity requires a mosaic of protection levels BT AF Loiseau, Nicolas Thuiller, Wilfried Stuart-Smith, Rick D. Devictor, Vincent Edgar, Graham J. Velez, Laure Cinner, Joshua E. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Renaud, Julien Hoey, Andrew S. Manel, Stephanie Mouillot, David AS 1:1,2,3;2:2;3:4;4:5;5:4;6:1;7:6;8:7;9:2;10:6;11:8;12:1,9; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:; C1 MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia CNRS, ISEM, Université de Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom EPHE, PSL Research University, CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-Montpellier, France Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France C2 UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE UNIV GRENOBLE ALPES, FRANCE UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE UNV TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA CNRS, FRANCE UNIV JAMES COOK, AUSTRALIA UNIV LANCASTER, UK UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE INST UNIV FRANCE, FRANCE UM MARBEC IN WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 9.593 TC 10 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84102.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84103.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84104.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84105.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84106.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84107.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84108.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00696/80776/84109.pdf LA English DT Article AB Protected areas are the flagship management tools to secure biodiversity from anthropogenic impacts. However, the extent to which adjacent areas with distinct protection levels host different species numbers and compositions remains uncertain. Here, using reef fishes, European alpine plants, and North American birds, we show that the composition of species in adjacent Strictly Protected, Restricted, and Non-Protected areas is highly dissimilar, whereas the number of species is similar, after controlling for environmental conditions, sample size, and rarity. We find that between 12% and 15% of species are only recorded in Non-Protected areas, suggesting that a non-negligible part of regional biodiversity occurs where human activities are less regulated. For imperiled species, the proportion only recorded in Strictly Protected areas reaches 58% for fishes, 11% for birds, and 7% for plants, highlighting the fundamental and unique role of protected areas and their environmental conditions in biodiversity conservation. PY 2021 PD MAY SO Plos Biology SN 1544-9173 PU Public Library of Science (PLoS) VL 19 IS 5 UT 000664237300002 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001195 ID 80776 ER EF