FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI How king penguins advertise their sexual maturity BT AF Kriesell, Hannah Joy Aubin, Thierry Planas-Bielsa, Víctor Schull, Quentin Bonadonna, Francesco Cornec, Clément Le Maho, Yvon Troudet, Laura Le Bohec, Céline AS 1:1,2,3;2:4;3:1;4:5;5:6;6:4,7;7:1,2;8:2;9:1,2; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:PDG-RBE-MARBEC-LHM;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:; C1 Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Département de Biologie Polaire, MC, Monaco Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, IFREMER, IRD, CNRS, Sète, France CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle ENES/CRNL, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM UMR_S1028, Saint-Etienne, France C2 CTR SCI MONACO, MONACO UNIV STRASBOURG, FRANCE UNIV NORWEGIAN, NORWAY CNRS, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE UNIV LYON, FRANCE SI SETE SE PDG-RBE-MARBEC-LHM UM MARBEC IN WOS Ifremer UMR copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 3.041 TC 2 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81157/85386.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81157/85387.jpg https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81157/85388.mp3 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81157/85389.jpg https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81157/85390.jpg LA English DT Article DE ;animal communication;mate choice;optimal response index;ornamentation;penguin;sexual maturation;vocalization AB Reproductive success can improve with experience, which increases with age in many long-lived species. Signals that provide reliable information about age are therefore of importance for mate choice and consequently are under sexual selection. In birds, these are often vocal signals as well as visual signals in the form of plumage coloration. King penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus, are sexually monomorphically ornamented seabirds that perform a complex visual and acoustic courtship display. Coloured beak spots and ear patches contain information about the condition and physiological status of adult males and females, but their role as a signal of age has previously only been studied in young birds. Vocalizations have mainly been studied as signals of individuality and not in the context of courtship. We investigated two multicomponent signals in the context of mate choice by analysing beak spot, ear patch and call parameters of wild king penguins. We explored the relation between these signals and age as well as age classes (chicks, juveniles, adults). Ornament parameters were weakly correlated with in males, but not in females, while acoustic parameters were highly correlated with age in both sexes. The calls' fundamental frequency and energy parameters and all the beak spot parameters reliably classified individuals into their age class. Since age class was redundantly encoded in both acoustic and colour parameters, we hypothesize that calls and ornaments function as back-up signals that increase the chance of accurately conveying the age class of the sender to receivers. King penguins might sequentially analyse age class signals during courtship, where acoustic signals serve as long-range communication when sender and receiver are out of sight, and ornamentation signals become important at close range. We show the importance of considering bimodal, multicomponent signals when studying complex behaviour and discuss how signalling environment, the species’ life history and mating system influence the evolution of communication signals. PY 2021 PD JUN SO Animal Behaviour SN 0003-3472 PU Elsevier BV VL 177 UT 000669227900026 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.015 ID 81157 ER EF