Evolution of the Oceanic C-13 Suess Effect in the Southeastern Indian Ocean Between 1994 and 2018

Type Article
Date 2021-04
Language English
Author(s) Williams Thomas J.1, Wagner Amy J.2, Sikes Elisabeth L.3, Martin Ellen E.1
Affiliation(s) 1 : Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611,USA.
2 : Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, Sacramento, CA 95819 ,USA.
3 : Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Source Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (Amer Geophysical Union), 2021-04 , Vol. 22 , N. 4 , P. e2020GC009402 (17p.)
DOI 10.1029/2020GC009402
WOS© Times Cited 1
Keyword(s) carbon cycle, chemical oceanography, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, stable carbon isotopes, Suess effect
Abstract

The decrease in delta C-13 of dissolved inorganic carbon (delta C-13(DIC)) owing to uptake of anthropogenic CO2 (the oceanic C-13 Suess effect) in the Southeastern Indian Ocean over the last decade was calculated using an extended multiparameter linear regression technique. Samples collected on the CROCCA-2S (Coring to Reconstruct Ocean Circulation and Carbon Dioxide Across 2 Seas) cruise in November-December 2018 were compared to samples from the CLIVAR (Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability, and Change) and OISO (Ocean Indien Service d'Observation) programs from 2007 to 2009. Surface ocean delta C-13(DIC) decreased by an average of -0.53 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand across this period, at an average rate of -0.053 +/- 0.004 parts per thousand per year. This rate of delta C-13(DIC) change is an increase from -0.021 +/- 0.024 parts per thousand per year between 1994 and 2008. We find that the interior water mass most impacted by the oceanic C-13 Suess effect between 2008 and 2018 was Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), within which delta C-13(DIC) decreased by -0.044 +/- 0.002 parts per thousand per year. Using previously published relationships between the oceanic C-13 Suess effect and anthropogenic carbon, we estimate the annual storage of anthropogenic carbon within SAMW in the southeastern Indian Ocean has increased from similar to 2.0 +/- 0.2 mu mol/kg per year between 1994 and 2008 to 5.5 +/- 0.6 mu mol/kg per year between 2008 and 2018.

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