FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI The genomics of mimicry: gene expression throughout development provides insights into convergent and divergent phenotypes in a Müllerian mimicry system BT AF Stuckert, Adam M M Chouteau, Mathieu McClure, Melanie LaPolice, Troy M Linderoth, Tyler Nielsen, Rasmus Summers, Kyle MacManes, Matthew D AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:3;4:1;5:4;6:4;7:2;8:1; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:; C1 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences University of New Hampshire, USA Department of Biology East Carolina University, USA Laboratoire Écologie Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA) Université de Guyane CNRS IFREMER 97300 Cayenne, France Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley, USA C2 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA UNIV EAST CAROLINA, USA UNIV GUYANE, FRANCE UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, USA UM LEEISA IN WOS Cotutelle UMR copubli-int-hors-europe IF 6.622 TC 17 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81232/85538.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81232/85539.docx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81232/85540.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81232/85541.docx LA English DT Article DE ;amphibians;aposematism;colour pattern;colour production;Dendrobatidae;Ranitomeya AB A common goal in evolutionary biology is to discern the mechanisms that produce the astounding diversity of morphologies seen across the tree of life. Aposematic species, those with a conspicuous phenotype coupled with some form of defense, are excellent models to understand the link between vivid color pattern variations, the natural selection shaping it, and the underlying genetic mechanisms underpinning this variation. Mimicry systems in which multiple species share the same conspicuous phenotype can provide an even better model for understanding the mechanisms of color production in aposematic species, especially if comimics have divergent evolutionary histories. Here we investigate the genetic mechanisms by which vivid color and pattern are produced in a Müllerian mimicry complex of poison frogs. We did this by first assembling a high-quality de novo genome assembly for the mimic poison frog Ranitomeya imitator. This assembled genome is 6.8 Gbp in size, with a contig N50 of 300 Kbp and 93% of expected tetrapod genes. We then leveraged this genome to conduct gene expression analyses throughout development of four color morphs of R. imitator and two color morphs from both R. fantastica and R. variabilis which R. imitator mimics. We identified a large number of pigmentation and patterning genes that are differentially expressed throughout development, many of them related to melanocyte development, melanin synthesis, iridophore development, and guanine synthesis. Polytypic differences within species may be the result of differences in expression and/or timing of expression, whereas convergence for color pattern between species do not appear to be due to the same changes in gene expression. In addition, we identify the pteridine synthesis pathway (including genes such as qdpr and xdh) as a key driver of the variation in color between morphs of these species. Finally, we hypothesize that genes in the keratin family are important for producing different structural colors within these frogs. PY 2021 PD AUG SO Molecular Ecology SN 0962-1083 PU Wiley VL 30 IS 16 UT 000674430000001 BP 4039 EP 4061 DI 10.1111/mec.16024 ID 81232 ER EF