FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Analysis of microplastics in drinking water and other clean water samples with micro-Raman and micro-infrared spectroscopy: minimum requirements and best practice guidelines BT AF Schymanski, Darena Oßmann, Barbara E. Benismail, Nizar Boukerma, Kada Dallmann, Gerald von der Esch, Elisabeth Fischer, Dieter Fischer, Franziska Gilliland, Douglas Glas, Karl Hofmann, Thomas Käppler, Andrea Lacorte, Sílvia Marco, Julie EL RAKWE, Maria Weisser, Jana Witzig, Cordula Zumbülte, Nicole Ivleva, Natalia P. AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:4;4:5;5:6;6:7;7:8;8:8;9:9;10:10;11:10;12:6;13:11;14:12;15:5;16:10;17:13;18:13;19:7; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:PDG-REM-RDT-LDCM;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:PDG-REM-RDT-LDCM;16:;17:;18:;19:; C1 Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL), Joseph-König-Straße 40, 48147, Münster, Germany Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany Nestle Quality Assurance Center Vittel, 1020 Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 88800, Vittel, France Ifremer, REM/RDT/LDCM, 29280, Plouzané, France SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH, Königsbrücker Landstr. 161, 01109, Dresden, German Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, Munich, Germany Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027, Ispra, Italy Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Danone Waters, 11 Avenue du Général Dupas, 74500, Evian les Bains, France TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany C2 CVUA-MEL, GERMANY UNIV MUNSTER, GERMANY LGL, GERMANY NESTLE QAC, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE INST FRESENIUS, GERMANY UNIV TECH MUNICH, GERMANY LEIBNIZ INST POLYMER RES, GERMANY JRC, ITALY UNIV TECH MUNICH, GERMANY IDAEA CSIC, SPAIN DANONE WATERS, FRANCE TZW, GERMANY SI BREST SE PDG-REM-RDT-LDCM IN WOS Ifremer UPR copubli-france copubli-europe IF 4.478 TC 70 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00706/81769/86468.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00706/81769/86469.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00706/81769/86470.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Microplastic;Micro-Raman spectroscopy;Mi-(FT)IR spectroscopy;Bottled water;Drinking water;Clean water AB Microplastics are a widespread contaminant found not only in various natural habitats but also in drinking waters. With spectroscopic methods, the polymer type, number, size, and size distribution as well as the shape of microplastic particles in waters can be determined, which is of great relevance to toxicological studies. Methods used in studies so far show a huge diversity regarding experimental setups and often a lack of certain quality assurance aspects. To overcome these problems, this critical review and consensus paper of 12 European analytical laboratories and institutions, dealing with microplastic particle identification and quantification with spectroscopic methods, gives guidance toward harmonized microplastic particle analysis in clean waters. The aims of this paper are to (i) improve the reliability of microplastic analysis, (ii) facilitate and improve the planning of sample preparation and microplastic detection, and (iii) provide a better understanding regarding the evaluation of already existing studies. With these aims, we hope to make an important step toward harmonization of microplastic particle analysis in clean water samples and, thus, allow the comparability of results obtained in different studies by using similar or harmonized methods. Clean water samples, for the purpose of this paper, are considered to comprise all water samples with low matrix content, in particular drinking, tap, and bottled water, but also other water types such as clean freshwater. PY 2021 PD OCT SO Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry SN 1618-2642 PU Springer Science and Business Media LLC VL 413 IS 24 UT 000677824100003 BP 5969 EP 5994 DI 10.1007/s00216-021-03498-y ID 81769 ER EF