FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Satellite‐based Sea Surface Salinity designed for Ocean and Climate Studies
BT 
AF Boutin, J.
   Reul, Nicolas
   Koehler, J.
   Martin, A
   Catany, R.
   Guimbard, Sebastien
   Rouffi, F.
   Vergely, J.L.
   Arias, M.
   Chakroun, M.
   Corato, G.
   Estella‐Perez, V.
   Hasson, A.
   Josey, S.
   Khvorostyanov, D.
   Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas
   Mignot, J.
   Olivier, L.
   Reverdin, G.
   Stammer, D.
   Supply, Alexandre
   Thouvenin‐Masson, C.
   Turiel, A.
   Vialard, J.
   Cipollini, P.
   Donlon, C.
   Sabia, R.
   Mecklenburg, S.
AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:6;7:7;8:7;9:5;10:7;11:8;12:1;13:1;14:4;15:1;16:12;17:1;18:1;19:1;20:3;21:1,13;22:1;23:9;24:1;25:10;26:10;27:11;28:10;
FF 1:;2:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;
C1 Sorbonne University LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory CNRS–IRD–MNHN Paris ,France
   University of Brest LOPS Laboratory IUEM UBO–CNRS–IRD–Ifremer Plouzané ,France
   Institut für Meereskunde Centrum für Erdsystemwissenschaften und Nachhaltigkeit Universität Hamburg ,Germany
   National Oceanography Centre Southampton,UK
   ARGANS Ltd, UK
   OceanScope, Brest, France
   ACRI‐st, Biot, France
   Adwaiseo ,Luxemburg
   Barcelona Expert Center (BEC) and Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM) CSIC ,Spain
   European Space Agency ECSAT Harwell ,United Kingdom
   Telespazio‐UK for ESA ESRIN Frascati, Italy
   University of Brest LOPS Laboratory IUEM UBO–CNRS–IRD–Ifremer, Plouzané, France
   University of Brest LOPS Laboratory IUEM UBO–CNRS–IRD–Ifremer, Plouzané, France
C2 UNIV SORBONNE, FRANCE
   IFREMER, FRANCE
   UNIV HAMBURG, GERMANY
   NOC, UK
   ARGANS LTD, UK
   OCEANSCOPE, FRANCE
   ACRI‐ST, FRANCE
   ADWAISEO, LUXEMBOURG
   ICM CSIC, SPAIN
   ESA, UK
   TELESPAZIO UK, ITALY
   UBO, FRANCE
   CNRS, FRANCE
SI TOULON
SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM
UM LOPS
IN WOS Ifremer UMR
   WOS Cotutelle UMR
   copubli-france
   copubli-europe
   copubli-univ-france
IF 3.938
TC 26
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00732/84417/89459.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00732/84417/89460.docx
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00732/84417/89461.docx
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00732/84417/89462.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00732/84417/89463.docx
LA English
DT Article
DE ;climate;ocean;salinity;satellite
AB Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) is an increasingly-used Essential Ocean and Climate Variable. The SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP satellite missions all provide SSS measurements, with very different instrumental features leading to specific measurement characteristics. The Climate Change Initiative Salinity project (CCI+SSS) aims to produce a SSS Climate Data Record (CDR) that addresses well-established user needs based on those satellite measurements. To generate a homogeneous CDR, instrumental differences are carefully adjusted based on in-depth analysis of the measurements themselves, together with some limited use of independent reference data. An optimal interpolation in the time domain without temporal relaxation to reference data or spatial smoothing is applied. This allows preserving the original datasets variability. SSS CCI fields are well-suited for monitoring weekly to interannual signals, at spatial scales ranging from 50 km to the basin scale. They display large year-to-year seasonal variations over the 2010-2019 decade, sometimes by more than +/-0.4 over large regions. The robust standard deviation of the monthly CCI SSS minus in situ Argo salinities is 0.15 globally, while it is at least 0.20 with individual satellite SSS fields. r2 is 0.97, similar or better than with original datasets. The correlation with independent ship thermosalinographs SSS further highlights the CCI dataset excellent performance, especially near land areas. During the SMOS-Aquarius period, when the representativity uncertainties are the largest, r2 is 0.84 with CCI while it is 0.48 with the Aquarius original dataset. SSS CCI data are freely available and will be updated and extended as more satellite data become available. Plain Language Summary Salinity measures the mass of dissolved salts in seawater. Together with temperature and pressure, it determines the seawater density, which is crucial in driving oceanic motions. Low sea surface salinity (SSS) can be the result of freshwater inputs such as rain, river runoffs, and ice melt. In contrast, high SSS often characterize regions of strong evaporation. The salinity imprint of these processes is then carried by ocean currents over long distances and long periods of time. SSS also impacts ocean circulation through its effect on density, and modulates ocean-atmosphere exchanges of heat and gases. SSS is a hence key variable for ocean and climate studies, both as a passive tracer and as an important actor of oceanic processes. Since 2010, three satellite missions have monitored SSS with an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. For the first time, data from these satellites are combined, taking each instrument specific features into account. The resulting dataset enables global SSS to be monitored and studied with unprecedented accuracy over the 2010-2019 period, at a 50km, weekly or monthly resolution. It reveals large SSS signals related to phenomena affecting climate in various parts of the world ocean. 
PY 2021
PD NOV
SO Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans
SN 2169-9275
PU American Geophysical Union (AGU)
VL 126
IS 11
UT 000723095600038
DI 10.1029/2021JC017676
ID 84417
ER

EF