FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Development of an Efficient Extraction Method for Harvesting Gymnodimine-A from Large-Scale Cultures of Karenia selliformis
BT 
AF TANG, Zhixuan
   Qiu, Jiangbing
   Wang, Guixiang
   Li, Ying
   HESS, Philipp
   Li, Aifend
AS 1:1,2;2:1,2;3:1,2;4:1,2;5:3;6:1,2;
FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:PDG-ODE-DYNECO-PHYC;6:;
C1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
   Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
   Ifremer, DYNECO, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44000 Nantes, France
C2 UNIV OCEAN CHINA, CHINA
   UNIV OCEAN CHINA, CHINA
   IFREMER, FRANCE
SI NANTES
SE PDG-ODE-DYNECO-PHYC
IN WOS Ifremer UPR
   DOAJ
   copubli-int-hors-europe
   copubli-sud
IF 5.075
TC 5
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00733/84516/89611.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00733/84516/89612.zip
LA English
DT Article
DE ;Karenia selliformis;gymnodimine;liquid-liquid extraction (LLE);extraction method
AB Gymnodimine-A (GYM-A) is a fast-acting microalgal toxin and its production of certified materials requires an efficient harvesting technology from the large-scale cultures of toxigenic microalgae. In this study the recoveries of GYM-A were compared between several liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) treatments including solvents, ratios and stirring times to optimize the LLE technique for harvesting GYM-A from Karenia selliformis cultures, of which the dichloromethane was selected as the extractant and added to microalgal cultures at the ratio 55 mL L−1 (5.5%, v/v). The recovery of GYM-A obtained by the LLE technique was also compared with filtration and centrifugation methods. The stability of GYM-A in culture media were also tested under different pH conditions. Results showed that both the conventional filter filtration and centrifugation methods led to fragmentation of microalgal cells and loss of GYM-A in the harvesting processes. A total of 5.1 µg of GYM-A were obtained from 2 L of K. selliformis cultures with a satisfactory recovery of 88%. Interestingly, GYM-A obviously degraded in the culture media with the initial pH 8.2 and the adjusted pH of 7.0 after 7 days, but there was no obvious degradation in the acidic medium at pH 5.0. Therefore, the LLE method developed here permits the collection of large-volume cultures of K. selliformis and the high-efficiency extraction of GYM-A. This work provides a simple and valuable technique for harvesting toxins from large-scale cultures of GYM-producing microalgae. 
PY 2021
PD NOV
SO Toxins
SN 2072-6651
PU MDPI
VL 13
IS 11
UT 000727575600001
DI 10.3390/toxins13110793
ID 84516
ER

EF