FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Ocean and Sea Ice Retrievals from an End‐to‐End Simulation of the Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) 1.4 to 36.5 GHz Measurements
BT 
AF Jiménez, Carlos
   Tenerelli, Joseph
   Prigent, Catherine
   Kilic, Lise
   Lavergne, Thomas
   Skarpalezos, Sotirios
   Hoeyer, Jacob L.
   Reul, Nicolas
   Donlon, Craig
AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:1,2;4:2;5:4;6:5;7:5;8:6;9:7;
FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;9:;
C1 Estellus , Paris, France
   Observatoire de Paris ,Université PSL Sorbonne Université CNRS LERMA Paris, France
   OceanDataLab ,Brest ,France
   Research and Development Department ,Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo, Norway
   Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen ,Denmark
   Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale Univ. Brest Ifremer CNRS IRD, LOPS, france
   European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC Noordwijk ,The Netherlands
C2 ESTELLUS, FRANCE
   OBSERV PARIS, FRANCE
   OCEANDATALAB, FRANCE
   NORWEGIAN METEOROL INST, NORWAY
   DANISH METEOROL INST, DENMARK
   IFREMER, FRANCE
   ESA, NETHERLANDS
SI TOULON
SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM
UM LOPS
IN WOS Ifremer UMR
   copubli-france
   copubli-europe
IF 3.938
TC 4
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00733/84534/89629.pdf
LA English
DT Article
DE ;microwave remote sensing;sea surface temperature;sea ice;salinity;brightness temperatures;polar regions
AB The Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) is currently being implemented by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a Copernicus Expansion Mission primarily designed to observe the Polar Regions in support of the Integrated European Policy for the Arctic. It is a conically scanning microwave radiometer with polarized channels centered at 1.414, 6.925, 10.65, 18.7, and 36.5 GHz and channel NEΔT between 0.2-0.7 K. A large rotating deployable mesh reflector will provide real-aperture resolutions ranging from 60 (1.4 GHz) to 5 km (36.5 GHz). To evaluate CIMR retrieval performance, a simplified end-to-end simulation of the mission has been carried out. The simulation includes important processes and input parameters, such as test geophysical datasets, forward models, an instrument simulator, and retrieval algorithms to derive the key mission geophysical products. The forward modeling is tested by producing Brightness Temperatures (TBs) from 4 global scenes. A comparison with current observations of the open ocean and sea ice at similar frequencies confirmed the realism of the simulations. The produced top-of-atmosphere TBs are converted to Antenna brightness Temperatures (TAs), taking into account the instrument design, and are then inverted to retrieve Sea Ice Concentration (SIC), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS). Evaluating the retrieval performance showed that the simulated CIMR instrument can provide SST, SSS, and SIC measurements with precisions and spatial resolutions conforming with the mission requirements. The evaluation also highlighted the challenges of observing the Arctic environment, and put in perspective CIMR capabilities compared with current instruments. Plain Language Summary The Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) satellite instrument is currently being implemented to observe the Polar Regions. It will measure different variables, including the temperature and salinity of the ocean surface, and the sea ice extension in the polar ice caps. To help designing the instrument, a first instrument concept has been computer simulated. Together with simulations of the radiation emitted by the oceans, it allows to reproduce what the instrument antennas will measure. This is followed by further computations that apply mathematical algorithms to the simulated measurements to estimate the values of the ocean and ice parameters of interest. Studying these simulated measurements is then used to see whether the CIMR instrument concept is suitable to achieve the mission goals, and how much better CIMR will measure compared with existing instruments already observing similar variables. Although more work is required to keep refining the instrument and its computer simulations, this study shows that CIMR can achieve its mission goals, measuring more accurately and with better spatial resolution than previous instruments, and greatly contributing to monitor the rapid changes expected to take place in the Polar regions in the years to come. 
PY 2021
PD DEC
SO Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans
SN 2169-9275
PU American Geophysical Union (AGU)
VL 126
IS 12
UT 000735870300038
DI 10.1029/2021JC017610
ID 84534
ER

EF