TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by Gambierdiscus excentricus A1 - Yon,Thomas A1 - Sibat,Manoella A1 - Robert,Elise A1 - Lhaute,Korian A1 - Holland,Wiliam C A1 - Litaker,R Wayne A1 - Bertrand,Samuel A1 - Hess,Philipp A1 - Reveillon,Damien AD - Laboratoire Phycotoxines, DYNECO, Ifremer, F-44000 Nantes, France AD - Beaufort Laboratory, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA AD - CSS, Inc. Under Contract to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA AD - Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMER, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France AD - ThalassOMICS Metabolomics Facility, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, 44311 Nantes, France UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00735/84732/ DO - 10.3390/md19120657 KW - Gambierdiscus excentricus KW - sulfo-gambierones KW - high-resolution mass spectrometry KW - Neuro2a cell-based assay N2 - Ciguatera poisoning is caused by the ingestion of fish or shellfish contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellate species belonging to the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Unlike in the Pacific region, the species producing ciguatoxins in the Atlantic Ocean have yet to be definitely identified, though some ciguatoxins responsible for ciguatera have been reported from fish. Previous studies investigating the ciguatoxin-like toxicity of Atlantic Gambierdiscus species using Neuro2a cell-based assay identified G. excentricus as a potential toxin producer. To more rigorously characterize the toxin profile produced by this species, a purified extract from 124 million cells was prepared and partial characterization by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed. The analysis revealed two new analogs of the polyether gambierone: sulfo-gambierone and dihydro-sulfo-gambierone. Algal ciguatoxins were not identified. The very low ciguatoxin-like toxicity of the two new analogs obtained by the Neuro2a cell-based assay suggests they are not responsible for the relatively high toxicity previously observed when using fractionated G. excentricus extracts, and are unlikely the cause of ciguatera in the region. These compounds, however, can be useful as biomarkers of the presence of G. excentricus due to their sensitive detection by mass spectrometry Y1 - 2021/12 PB - MDPI AG JF - Marine Drugs SN - 1660-3397 VL - 19 IS - 12 ID - 84732 ER -