FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands BT AF Kraft, Sebastián Pérez-Alvarez, MJosé Olavarría, Carlos Moraga, Rodrigo Baker, C. Scott Steel, Debbie Tixier, Paul Guinet, Christophe Viricel, Amelia Brickle, Paul Costa, Marina Crespo, Enrique Durante, Cristian Loizaga, Rocio Poulin, Elie AS 1:1;2:1,2,3,4;3:3,5;4:3;5:6;6:6;7:7,8;8:8;9:9;10:10;11:11;12:11;13:11;14:11;15:1,4; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:; C1 Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile Centro de Investigación Eutropia, Santiago, Chile Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States MARBEC, Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IFREMER-IRD, Séte, France Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) CNRS-ULR, UMR 7273, Villiers-en-Bois, France Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina C2 UNIV CHILE, CHILE UNIV MAYOR, CHILE CENTRO INVESTIG EUTROPIA, CHILE BASE, CHILE CEAZA, CHILE UNIV OREGON STATE, USA UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE CNRS, FRANCE UNIV LA ROCHELLE, FRANCE SAERI, FALKLAND ISLANDS CESIMAR-CONICET, ARGENTINA UM MARBEC IN WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe copubli-sud IF 5.247 TC 1 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00742/85412/90474.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00742/85412/90475.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Cephalorhynchus commersonii;colonization;divergence;last glacial maximum;mitochondrial DNA;phylogeography AB Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) are separated into the subspecies C. c. commersonii, found along southern South America (SA) and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas (FI/IM), and C. c. kerguelenensis, restricted to the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (KI). Following the dispersal model proposed for the genus, the latter is thought to have originated from SA after a long-distance dispersal event. To evaluate this biogeographic scenario, a distribution-wide, balanced sampling of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences was designed. New tissue samples from southern Chile, Argentina, FI/IM, and KI were added to published sequences from SA and KI, for a total of 256 samples. Genetic diversity indices, genetic and phylogeographic structure, and migration rates were calculated. One haplotype was shared between subspecies, with which all haplotypes of C. c. kerguelenensis formed a distinct group in the haplotype network. A new haplotype for C. c. kerguelenensis is reported. Differentiation in haplotype frequencies was found among localities within the distribution of C. c. commersonii, yet the phylogeographic signal was only statistically significant between subspecies. Coalescent-based historical gene flow estimations indicated migration between the northern and southern portions of the species’ range in SA as well as between SA and the FI/IM, but not between these and the KI. The net nucleotide divergence between dolphins from SA and the FI/IM was lower than the recommended threshold value suggested for delimiting subspecies, unlike that found between C. c. commersonii and C. c. kerguelenensis. The results are consistent with the model of post-glacial colonization of KI by South American C. commersonii, followed by an ongoing divergence process and subspecies status. Thus, C. c. kerguelenensis may represent the most recent diversification step of Cephalorhynchus, where isolation from their source population is driving a process of incipient speciation. PY 2021 PD DEC SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 8 UT 000742699300001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2021.782512 ID 85412 ER EF