FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Ocean Integration: The Needs and Challenges of Effective Coordination Within the Ocean Observing System BT AF Révelard, Adèle Tintoré, Joaquín Verron, Jacques Bahurel, Pierre Barth, John A. Belbéoch, Mathieu Benveniste, Jérôme Bonnefond, Pascal Chassignet, Eric P. Cravatte, Sophie Davidson, Fraser deYoung, Brad Heupel, Michelle Heslop, Emma Hörstmann, Cora Karstensen, Johannes Le Traon, Pierre-Yves Marques, Miguel McLean, Craig Medina, Raul Paluszkiewicz, Theresa Pascual, Ananda Pearlman, Jay Petihakis, George Pinardi, Nadia Pouliquen, Sylvie Rayner, Ralph Shepherd, Iian Sprintall, Janet Tanhua, Toste Testor, Pierre Seppälä, Jukka Siddorn, John Thomsen, Soeren Valdés, Luis Visbeck, Martin Waite, Anya M. Werner, Francisco Wilkin, John Williams, Ben AS 1:1;2:1,2;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:6;7:7;8:8;9:9;10:10;11:11;12:12;13:13;14:14;15:15;16:16;17:4,17;18:18;19:19;20:20;21:21;22:2;23:22;24:23;25:24;26:25;27:26;28:27;29:28;30:16;31:29;32:30;33:31;34:29;35:32;36:16,33;37:34;38:35;39:36;40:37; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:PDG-ODE;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:PDG-IRSI-COA;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:;34:;35:;36:;37:;38:;39:;40:; C1 Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB), Palma, Spain Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA) (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain Ocean Next, Grenoble, France Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States OceanOPS, Plouzané, France European Space Agency—ESRIN, Frascati, Italy Observatoire de Paris-SYRTE, Paris, France Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States LEGOS université de Toulouse, IRD, CNES, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France Fisheries and Oceans, St John’s, NL, Canada Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada Integrated Marine Observing System, Hobart, TAS, Australia IOC UNESCO, Paris, France Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany Ifremer, ODE, Plouzané, France Blue Info by Skipper & Wool, Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD, United States IHCantabria—Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain Octopus Ocean Consulting LLC, Oak Hill, VA, United States Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Paris, France Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Ifremer, IRSI, Plouzané, France London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE), Bruxelles, Belgium Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States CNRS-Sorbonne Universités (Campus Pierre et Marie Curie)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, UMR 7159, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et de Climatologie (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Observatoire Ecce Terra, Paris, France Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C.O. de Santander, Santander, Spain Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany Ocean Frontier Institute and Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD, United States Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States Fugro, Houston, TX, United States C2 SOCIB, SPAIN CSIC, SPAIN OCEAN NEXT, FRANCE MERCATOR OCEAN, FRANCE UNIV OREGON STATE, USA OCEANOPS, FRANCE ESRIN, ITALY OBSERV PARIS, FRANCE UNIV FLORIDA STATE, USA UNIV TOULOUSE, FRANCE MPO, CANADA UNIV MEM NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA INTEGRATED MARINE OBSERVING SYST, AUSTRALIA IOC UNESCO, FRANCE INST A WEGENER, GERMANY IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY IFREMER, FRANCE BLUE INFO PT, PORTUGAL NOAA, USA UNIV CANTABRIA, SPAIN OCTOPUS OCEAN CONSULTING LLC, USA IEEE, FRANCE HELLENIC CTR MARINE RES, GREECE UNIV BOLOGNA, ITALY IFREMER, FRANCE LSE, UK DG MARE, BELGIUM UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, USA CNRS, FRANCE FINNISH ENVIRONM INST SYKE, FINLAND NOC, UK IEO, SPAIN UNIV KIEL, GERMANY UNIV DALHOUSIE, CANADA NOAA, USA UNIV RUTGERS, USA FUGRO, USA SI MERCATOR BREST SE PDG-ODE PDG-IRSI-COA IN WOS Ifremer UPR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 3.7 TC 8 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00747/85900/91143.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;integration;ocean observing;organizational silos;interdisciplinarity;collaboration;ocean science culture;ocean governance and management;coordination AB Understanding and sustainably managing complex environments such as marine ecosystems benefits from an integrated approach to ensure that information about all relevant components and their interactions at multiple and nested spatiotemporal scales are considered. This information is based on a wide range of ocean observations using different systems and approaches. An integrated approach thus requires effective collaboration between areas of expertise in order to improve coordination at each step of the ocean observing value chain, from the design and deployment of multi-platform observations to their analysis and the delivery of products, sometimes through data assimilation in numerical models. Despite significant advances over the last two decades in more cooperation across the ocean observing activities, this integrated approach has not yet been fully realized. The ocean observing system still suffers from organizational silos due to independent and often disconnected initiatives, the strong and sometimes destructive competition across disciplines and among scientists, and the absence of a well-established overall governance framework. Here, we address the need for enhanced organizational integration among all the actors of ocean observing, focusing on the occidental systems. We advocate for a major evolution in the way we collaborate, calling for transformative scientific, cultural, behavioral, and management changes. This is timely because we now have the scientific and technical capabilities as well as urgent societal and political drivers. The ambition of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) and the various efforts to grow a sustainable ocean economy and effective ocean protection efforts all require a more integrated approach to ocean observing. After analyzing the barriers that currently prevent this full integration within the occidental systems, we suggest nine approaches for breaking down the silos and promoting better coordination and sharing. These recommendations are related to the organizational framework, the ocean science culture, the system of recognition and rewards, the data management system, the ocean governance structure, and the ocean observing drivers and funding. These reflections are intended to provide food for thought for further dialogue between all parties involved and trigger concrete actions to foster a real transformational change in ocean observing. PY 2022 PD JAN SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 8 UT 000753128200001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2021.737671 ID 85900 ER EF