FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Unraveling the Gonyaulax baltica Species Complex: Cyst–theca Relationship of Impagidinium variaseptum, Spiniferites pseudodelicatus sp. nov. and S. ristingensis (Gonyaulacaceae, Dinophyceae), With Descriptions of Gonyaulax bohaiensis sp. nov, G. amoyensis sp. nov. and G. portimonensis sp. nov. BT AF Gu, Haifeng Mertens, Kenneth DERRIEN, Amelie Bilien, Gwenael Li, Zhen Hess, Philipp Séchet, Veronique Krock, Bernd Amorim, Ana Li, Zhun Pospelova, Vera Smith, Kirsty F. MacKenzie, Lincoln Yoon, Joo Yeon Kim, Hyun Jung Shin, Hyeon Ho AS 1:1;2:2;3:2;4:2;5:3;6:4;7:4;8:5;9:6;10:7;11:8;12:9;13:9;14:10;15:10;16:10; FF 1:;2:PDG-ODE-LITTORAL-LERBO;3:PDG-ODE-LITTORAL-LERBO;4:PDG-ODE-LITTORAL-LERBO;5:;6:PDG-ODE-PHYTOX;7:PDG-ODE-PHYTOX-PHYSALG;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:; C1 Department of Marine Biology and Ecology Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Xiamen 361005, China Ifremer LITTORAL Place de la Croix, BP40537 29900 CEDEX, France Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences University of British Columbia 329 West Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 ,Canada Ifremer Laboratoire Phycotoxines Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu 44311 Nantes, France Department of Ecological Chemistry Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Am Handelshafen 12 Bremerhaven D‐27570, Germany Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente (MARE) Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa 1749‐016 Lisboa, Portugal Biological Resource Center Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Jeongeup 56212 ,Korea Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Minnesota 116 Church Street SE Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, USA Cawthron Institute 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2 Nelson 7042 ,New Zealand Library of Marine Samples Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Geoje 53201, Korea C2 THIRD INST OCEANOG, CHINA IFREMER, FRANCE UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA IFREMER, FRANCE INST A WEGENER, GERMANY UNIV LISBOA, PORTUGAL KRIBB, SOUTH KOREA UNIV MINNESOTA, USA CAWTHRON INST, NEW ZEALAND KIOST, SOUTH KOREA SI CONCARNEAU NANTES SE PDG-ODE-LITTORAL-LERBO PDG-ODE-PHYTOX PDG-ODE-PHYTOX-PHYSALG IN WOS Ifremer UPR copubli-europe copubli-int-hors-europe copubli-sud IF 2.9 TC 7 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00753/86512/91885.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Dinophyte;DNA sequencing;Impagidinium;LSU;Spiniferites;SSU;yessotoxin AB The taxonomy of the extant dinoflagellate genus Gonyaulax is challenging since its thecate morphology is rather conservative. In contrast, cysts of Gonyaulax are varied in morphology and have been related with the fossil-based genera Spiniferites and Impagidinium. To better understand the systematics of Gonyaulax species, we performed germination experiments on cysts that can be identified as S. ristingensis, an unidentified Spiniferites with petaloid processes here described as Spiniferites pseudodelicatus sp. nov. and Impagidinium variaseptum from Chinese and Portuguese waters. Despite marked differences in cyst morphology, motile cells of S. pseudodelicatus and I. variaseptum are indistinguishable from Gonyaulax baltica. Motile cells hatched from S. ristingensis are morphologically similar to G. baltica as well but differ in the presence of one pronounced antapical spine. Three new species, Gonyaulax amoyensis (cyst equivalent S. pseudodelicatus), Gonyaulax bohaiensis (cyst equivalent I. variaseptum) and Gonyaulax portimonensis (cyst equivalent S. ristingensis) were erected. In addition, a new ribotype (B) of G. baltica was reported from South Korea and a bloom of G. baltica ribotype B is reported from New Zealand. Molecular phylogeny based on LSU and SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that Gonyaulax species with minute or short antapical spines formed a well resolved clade, whereas species with two pronounced antapical spines or lack of antapical spines formed the sister clade. Six strains of four above species were examined for yessotoxin production by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and very low concentrations of yessotoxin were detected for one G. bohaiensis strain. PY 2022 PD JUL SO Journal Of Phycology SN 0022-3646 PU Wiley VL 58 IS 3 UT 000773437900001 BP 465 EP 486 DI 10.1111/jpy.13245 ID 86512 ER EF