FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Functional diversity enables multiple symbiont strains to coexist in deep-sea mussels BT AF ANSORGE, Rebecca ROMANO, Stefano SAYAVEDRA, Lizbeth PORRAS, Miguel Angel Gonzalez KUPCZOK, Anne TEGETMEYER, Halina E. DUBILIER, Nicole PETERSEN, Jillian AS 1:1,2;2:2;3:1;4:1;5:3;6:1,4;7:1,5;8:1,2; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:; C1 Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Bremen, Germany. Univ Vienna, Ctr Microbiol & Environm Syst Sci, Vienna, Austria. Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Bielefeld Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Bremen, MARUM, Bremen, Germany. C2 INST MAX PLANCK, GERMANY UNIV VIENNA, AUSTRIA UNIV KIEL, GERMANY UNIV BIELEFELD, GERMANY UNIV BREMEN MARUM, GERMANY IF 15.54 TC 59 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00762/87404/92913.pdf LA English DT Article CR BIOBAZ 2013 ODEMAR BO Pourquoi pas ? AB Genetic diversity of closely related free-living microorganisms is widespread and underpins ecosystem functioning, but most evolutionary theories predict that it destabilizes intimate mutualisms. Accordingly, strain diversity is assumed to be highly restricted in intracellular bacteria associated with animals. Here, we sequenced metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of 18 Bathymodiolus mussel individuals from four species, covering their known distribution range at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Atlantic. We show that as many as 16 strains of intracellular, sulfur-oxidizing symbionts coexist in individual Bathymodiolus mussels. Co-occurring symbiont strains differed extensively in key functions, such as the use of energy and nutrient sources, electron acceptors and viral defence mechanisms. Most strain-specific genes were expressed, highlighting their potential to affect fitness. We show that fine-scale diversity is pervasive in Bathymodiolus sulfur-oxidizing symbionts, and hypothesize that it may be widespread in low-cost symbioses where the environment, rather than the host, feeds the symbionts. PY 2019 PD DEC SO Nature Microbiology SN 2058-5276 PU Nature Publishing Group VL 4 IS 12 UT 000499071100048 BP 2487 EP 2497 DI 10.1038/s41564-019-0572-9 ID 87404 ER EF