FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI First characterization of the parasite Haplosporidium costale in France and development of a real‐time PCR assay for its rapid detection in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas BT AF ARZUL, Isabelle GARCIA, Celine CHOLLET, Bruno SERPIN, Delphine LUPO, Coralie NOYER, Mathilde TOURBIEZ, Delphine BERLAND, Chloe DEGREMONT, Lionel TRAVERS, Marie-Agnes AS 1:1;2:1;3:1;4:1;5:2;6:1;7:1;8:1;9:1;10:3; FF 1:PDG-RBE-ASIM;2:PDG-RBE-ASIM;3:PDG-RBE-ASIM;4:PDG-RBE-ASIM;5:;6:PDG-RBE-ASIM;7:PDG-RBE-ASIM;8:PDG-RBE-SGMM-LGPMM;9:PDG-RBE-ASIM;10:PDG-RBE-IHPE; C1 Ifremer RBE‐ASIM Station de La Tremblade Avenue de Mus de Loup La Tremblade F‐17390, France RESPE | Réseau d'EpidémioSurveillance en Pathologie Equine 3, rue Nelson Mandela – Saint‐Contest 14280 , France IHPE Université de Montpellier CNRS Ifremer Université de Perpignan via Domitia Montpellier, France C2 IFREMER, FRANCE RESPE, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE SI LA TREMBLADE MONTPELLIER SE PDG-RBE-ASIM PDG-RBE-SGMM-LGPMM PDG-RBE-IHPE UM IHPE IN WOS Ifremer UPR WOS Ifremer UMR copubli-france IF 4.3 TC 4 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00762/87427/92943.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00762/87427/92944.docx LA English DT Article DE ;Crassostrea gigas;Haplosporida;Haplosporidium costale;oyster;parasite;real-time PCR AB The Pacific cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the most “globalized” marine invertebrates and its production is predominant in many parts of the world including Europe. However, it is threatened by mortality events associated with pathogenic microorganisms such as the virus OsHV-1 and the bacteria Vibrio aestuarianus. C. gigas is also a host for protozoan parasites including haplosporidians. In contrast with Haplosporidium nelsoni previously detected in Europe, H. costale was considered exotic although its presence in French oysters was suggested in the 1980s based on ultrastructural examination. Here, a combination of light and transmission electron microscopy, PCR and sequencing allowed characterizing the presence of the parasite in the context of low mortality events which occurred in 2019 in France. Histological observation revealed the presence of uninucleated, plasmodial and spore stages within the connective tissues of some oysters. Ultrastructural features were similar to H. costale ones in particular the presence of axe-shaped haplosporosomes in spore cytoplasms. Three fragments of the genome including partial small subunit rRNA gene, the ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 array and part of the actin gene were successfully sequenced and grouped with H. costale homologous sequences. This is the first time that the presence of H. costale was confirmed in C. gigas in France. Furthermore, a TaqMan real-time PCR assay was developed and validated (DSe = 92.6% (78.2-99.8) and DSp = 95.5% (92.3-98.6)) to enable the rapid and specific detection of the parasite. The application of the PCR assay on archived samples revealed that the parasite has been present in French oyster populations at least since 2008. Considering the little information available on this parasite, the newly developed TaqMan assay will be very helpful to investigate the temporal and geographic distribution and the life cycle of the parasite in France and more generally in C. gigas geographic range. PY 2022 PD SEP SO Transboundary And Emerging Diseases SN 1865-1674 PU Wiley VL 69 IS 5 UT 000781284300001 DI 10.1111/tbed.14541 ID 87427 ER EF