FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Wind‐wave attenuation in Arctic sea ice: a discussion of remote sensing capabilities
BT 
AF Collard, Fabrice
   Marié, Louis
   Nouguier, Frederic
   Kleinherenbrink, Marcel
   Ehlers, Frithjof
   Ardhuin, Fabrice
AS 1:1;2:2;3:2;4:3;5:3;6:4;
FF 1:;2:PDG-ODE-LOPS-OC;3:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;4:;5:;6:;
C1 OceanDataLab ,Locmaria‐Plousané ,France
   Univ. Brest, CNRS Ifremer IRD Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale Brest ,France
   TU Delft ,Delft ,The Netherlands
   Univ. Brest, CNRS Ifremer IRD Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale Brest ,France
C2 OCEANDATALAB, FRANCE
   IFREMER, FRANCE
   UNIV DELFT, NETHERLANDS
   CNRS, FRANCE
SI BREST
SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-OC
   PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM
UM LOPS
IN WOS Ifremer UMR
   WOS Cotutelle UMR
   copubli-france
   copubli-europe
IF 3.6
TC 14
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00776/88814/94456.pdf
LA English
DT Article
DE ;wind waves;sea ice;remote sensing
AB Wind-generated waves strongly interact with sea ice and impact air-sea exchanges, operations at sea, and marine life. Unfortunately, the dissipation of wave energy is not well quantified and its possible effect on upper ocean mixing and ice drift are still mysterious. As the Arctic is opening up and wave energy increases, the limited amount of in situ observations is a clear limitation to our scientific understanding. Both radar and optical remote sensing has revealed the frequent presence of waves in ice, and could be used more systematically to investigate wave-ice interactions. Here we show that, in cloud-free conditions, Sentinel-2 images exhibit brightness modulations in ice-covered water, consistent with the presence of waves measured a few hours later by the ICESat-2 laser altimeter. We show that a full-focus SAR processing of Sentinel-3 radar altimeter data also reveals the presence and wavelengths of waves in sea ice, within minutes of Sentinel-2 imagery. The SWIM instrument on CFOSAT is another source of quantitative evidence for the direction and wavelengths of waves in ice, when ice conditions are spatially homogeneous. In the presence of sea ice, a quantitative wave height measurement method is not yet available for all-weather near-nadir radar instruments such as altimeters and SWIM. However, their systematic co-location with optical instruments on Sentinel-2 and ICESat-2, which are less frequently able to observe waves in sea ice, may provide the empirical transfer functions needed to interpret and calibrate the radar data, greatly expanding the available data on wave-ice interactions. Key Points Wave patterns in sea ice can be found in radar and optical remote sensing data We provide a quantitative estimation of wave height, wavelength and direction from ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 data Wavelengths and directions in full-focus SAR altimetry and CFOSAT SWIM are consistent with other sensors Plain Language Summary Waves generated by winds over the ocean propagate in ice-covered regions where they can be strongly attenuated and can contribute to breaking up the ice and pushing the ice around. Wavy patterns are clearly visible in remote sensing data collected by different instruments including the ICESat-2 laser altimeter, Sentinel-1 imaging radar, the Sentinel-2 optical imager, Sentinel-3 radar altimeter, and CFOSAT wave-measuring instrument SWIM. Here we show examples of such patterns and propose an quantitative interpretation of ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 that is consistent with waves generated by storms in the Barents sea that are observed to travel under the ice over hundreds of kilometers. For Sentinel-3 and SWIM, a quantification of wave heights will have to be validated, possibly based on data from the other two instruments. This may strongly expand the quantity of available information for scientific investigations and operational applications. 
PY 2022
PD JUN
SO Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans
SN 2169-9275
PU American Geophysical Union (AGU)
VL 127
IS 7
UT 000819231200001
DI 10.1029/2022JC018654
ID 88814
ER

EF