Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae as Antimelanoma Agents

Type Article
Date 2022-10
Language English
Author(s) Adrielly Alves Ferraz Christiane1, Grougnet Raphaël1, Nicolau ElodieORCID2, Picot LaurentORCID3, Gonçalves De Oliveira Junior RaimundoORCID1
Affiliation(s) 1 : UMR 8038 CiTCoM, Faculté de Santé, UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
2 : Laboratoire PHYTOX/GENALG, IFREMER, 44311 Nantes, France
3 : UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
Source Marine Drugs (1660-3397) (MDPI AG), 2022-10 , Vol. 20 , N. 10 , P. 618 (26p.)
DOI 10.3390/md20100618
WOS© Times Cited 2
Note This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Marine-Derived Anti-cancer Agents
Keyword(s) marine carotenoids, marine pigments, melanoma, pigments, skin cancer
Abstract

Melanoma cells are highly invasive and metastatic tumor cells and commonly express molecular alterations that contribute to multidrug resistance (e.g., BRAFV600E mutation). Conventional treatment is not effective in a long term, requiring an exhaustive search for new alternatives. Recently, carotenoids from microalgae have been investigated as adjuvant in antimelanoma therapy due to their safety and acceptable clinical tolerability. Many of them are currently used as food supplements. In this review, we have compiled several studies that show microalgal carotenoids inhibit cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various melanoma cell lines. MAPK and NF-ĸB pathway, MMP and apoptotic factors are frequently affected after exposure to microalgal carotenoids. Fucoxanthin, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin are the main carotenoids investigated, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Preclinical data indicate these compounds exhibit direct antimelanoma effect but are also capable of restoring melanoma cells sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy (e.g., vemurafenib and dacarbazine).

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