FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Stability and Chemical Conversion of the Purified Reference Material of Gymnodimine-A under Different Temperature and pH Conditions
BT 
AF Wang, Guixiang
   Qiu, Jiangbing
   Li, Aifeng
   Ji, Ying
   Tang, Zhixuan
   Hess, Philipp
AS 1:1;2:1,2;3:1,2;4:1;5:1;6:3;
FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:PDG-ODE-PHYTOX;
C1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
   Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
   Ifremer, PHYTOX Research Unit, F-44000 Nantes, France
C2 UNIV OCEAN CHINA, CHINA
   UNIV OCEAN CHINA, CHINA
   IFREMER, FRANCE
SI NANTES
SE PDG-ODE-PHYTOX
IN WOS Ifremer UPR
   DOAJ
   copubli-int-hors-europe
   copubli-sud
IF 4.2
TC 1
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00800/91246/97021.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00800/91246/97022.zip
LA English
DT Article
DE ;gymnodimines (GYMs);stability;chemical conversion;liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS);certified reference materials (CRMs)
AB Gymnodimines (GYMs) are a group of fast-acting phycotoxins and their toxicological effects on human beings are still unclear due to the lack of sufficiently well-characterized large quantities of purified toxins for toxicology studies. In this study, a certified reference material (CRM) of GYM-A was prepared from the dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis, followed by multi-step chromatography separation and purification. Subsequently, the stability of GYM-A in methanolic media was evaluated at different temperature (−20, 4, and 20 °C) and pH (3, 5, and 7) conditions for 8 months, and the conversion products of GYM-A were explored by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results show that the stability of GYM-A decreased with increasing temperature and pH values. The GYM-A was stable during storage at −20 °C regardless of pH, but it decreased rapidly (81.8% ± 9.3%) at 20 °C in pH 7 solution after 8 months. Moreover, the concentrations of GYM-A did not significantly change at all temperatures in solutions with pH 3 (p > 0.05). It is recommended that GYM-A should be stored at low temperature (≤−20 °C) and pH (≤3) conditions for long-term storage in aqueous methanolic media. In addition, two conversion products of GYM-A, tentatively named as GYM-K (m/z 540) and GYM-L (m/z 524), were identified in the samples stored at high levels of pH and temperature. Based on the LC-HRMS data, the hypothetical chemical structures of both converting derivatives were proposed. A useful strategy for long-term storage of GYM-A CRM in aqueous methanolic media was suggested and two hypothesized conversion products of GYM-A were discovered in this study. 
PY 2022
PD NOV
SO Toxins
SN 2072-6651
PU MDPI AG
VL 14
IS 11
UT 000882665000001
DI 10.3390/toxins14110744
ID 91246
ER

EF