GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior oceanbiogeochemical data product

Type Article
Date 2022-12
Language English
Author(s) Lauvset Siv K.ORCID1, Lange Nico2, Tanhua TosteORCID2, Bittig Henry C.3, Olsen AreORCID4, 5, Kozyr Alex6, Alin Simone7, Alvarez MartaORCID8, Azetsu-Scott Kumiko9, Barbero Leticia10, 11, Becker Susan12, Brown Peter J.13, Carter Brendan R.14, Da Cunha Leticia Cotrim15, Feely Richard A.7, Hoppema Mario16, Humphreys Matthew P.17, Ishii Masao18, Jeansson Emil1, Jiang Li-Qing19, 20, Jones Steve D.4, 5, Lo Monaco Claire21, Murata Akihiko22, Muller Jens DanielORCID23, Perez Fiz F.24, 25, Pfeil Benjamin4, 5, Schirnick Carsten2, Steinfeldt Reiner26, Suzuki Toru27, Tilbrook Bronte28, 29, Ulfsbo Adam30, Velo AntonORCID24, Woosley Ryan J.ORCID31, Key Robert M.32
Affiliation(s) 1 : NORCE Norwegian Res Ctr, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway.
2 : GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
3 : Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res Warnemunde, Rostock, Germany.
4 : Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, Bergen, Norway.
5 : Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway.
6 : NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
7 : NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
8 : CSIC, Inst Espanol Oceanog, IEO, La Coruna, Spain.
9 : Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.
10 : Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
11 : NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 08540 USA.
12 : Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
13 : Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, England.
14 : Univ Washington, Cooperat Inst Climate Ocean & Ecosyst Studies, Seattle, WA USA.
15 : Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, PPG Oceanog, Fac Oceanog, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
16 : Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, Bremerhaven, Germany.
17 : NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Ocean Syst OCS, Texel, Netherlands.
18 : Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Japan.
19 : Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Satellite Earth Syst Studies, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
20 : NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
21 : Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN, Paris, France.
22 : Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Japan.
23 : Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland.
24 : CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, IIM, Vigo, Spain.
25 : Stanford Univ, Oceans Dept, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
26 : Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
27 : Japan Hydrog Assoc, Marine Informat Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan.
28 : Univ Tasmania, CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Australia.
29 : Univ Tasmania, Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Hobart, Australia.
30 : Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.
31 : MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
32 : Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
Source Earth System Science Data (1866-3508) (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh), 2022-12 , Vol. 14 , N. 12 , P. 5543-5572
DOI 10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022
WOS© Times Cited 33
Abstract

The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2022 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2021 (Lauvset et al., 2021). The major changes are as follows: data from 96 new cruises were added, data coverage was extended until 2021, and for the first time we performed secondary quality control on all sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) data. In addition, a number of changes were made to data included in GLODAPv2.2021. These changes affect specifically the SF6 data, which are now subjected to secondary quality control, and carbon data measured on board the RV Knorr in the Indian Ocean in 1994-1995 which are now adjusted using certified reference material (CRM) measurements made at the time. GLODAPv2.2022 includes measurements from almost 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1085 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 96 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 989 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2021 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 mu mol kg(-1) in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 mu mol kg(-1) in total alkalinity, 0.01-0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete CO2 fugacity (fCO2), were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments. The original data, their documentation, and DOI codes are available at the Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System of NOAA NCEI (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/GLODAPv2_2022/, last access: 15 August 2022). This site also provides access to the merged data product, which is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones - the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans - under (Lauvset et al., 2022). These bias-adjusted product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data, which were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This living data update documents the GLODAPv2 methods and provides a broadoverview of the secondary quality control procedures and results.

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Lauvset Siv K., Lange Nico, Tanhua Toste, Bittig Henry C., Olsen Are, Kozyr Alex, Alin Simone, Alvarez Marta, Azetsu-Scott Kumiko, Barbero Leticia, Becker Susan, Brown Peter J., Carter Brendan R., Da Cunha Leticia Cotrim, Feely Richard A., Hoppema Mario, Humphreys Matthew P., Ishii Masao, Jeansson Emil, Jiang Li-Qing, Jones Steve D., Lo Monaco Claire, Murata Akihiko, Muller Jens Daniel, Perez Fiz F., Pfeil Benjamin, Schirnick Carsten, Steinfeldt Reiner, Suzuki Toru, Tilbrook Bronte, Ulfsbo Adam, Velo Anton, Woosley Ryan J., Key Robert M. (2022). GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior oceanbiogeochemical data product. Earth System Science Data, 14(12), 5543-5572. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00824/93588/