FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Global Carbon Budget 2022 BT AF FRIEDLINGSTEIN, Pierre O'SULLIVAN, Michael JONES, Matthew W. ANDREW, Robbie M. GREGOR, Luke HAUCK, Judith LE QUERE, Corinne LUIJKX, Ingrid T. OLSEN, Are PETERS, Glen P. PETERS, Wouter PONGRATZ, Julia SCHWINGSHACKL, Clemens SITCH, Stephen CANADELL, Josep G. CIAIS, Philippe JACKSON, Robert B. ALIN, Simone R. ALKAMA, Ramdane ARNETH, Almut ARORA, Vivek K. BATES, Nicholas R. BECKER, Meike BELLOUIN, Nicolas BITTIG, Henry C. BOPP, Laurent CHEVALLIER, Frederic CHINI, Louise P. CRONIN, Margot EVANS, Wiley FALK, Stefanie FEELY, Richard A. GASSER, Thomas GEHLEN, Marion GKRITZALIS, Thanos GLOEGE, Lucas GRASSI, Giacomo GRUBER, Nicolas GURSES, Ozgur HARRIS, Ian HEFNER, Matthew HOUGHTON, Richard A. HURTT, George C. IIDA, Yosuke ILYINA, Tatiana JAIN, Atul K. JERSILD, Annika KADONO, Koji KATO, Etsushi KENNEDY, Daniel GOLDEWIJK, Kees Klein KNAUER, Jurgen KORSBAKKEN, Jan Ivar LANDSCHUTZER, Peter LEFEVRE, Nathalie LINDSAY, Keith LIU, Junjie LIU, Zhu MARLAND, Gregg MAYOT, Nicolas MCGRATH, Matthew J. METZL, Nicolas MONACCI, Natalie M. MUNRO, David R. NAKAOKA, Shin-Ichiro NIWA, Yosuke O'BRIEN, Kevin ONO, Tsuneo PALMER, Paul, I PAN, Naiqing PIERROT, Denis POCOCK, Katie POULTER, Benjamin RESPLANDY, Laure ROBERTSON, Eddy RODENBECK, Christian RODRIGUEZ, Carmen ROSAN, Thais M. SCHWINGER, Jorg SEFERIAN, Roland SHUTLER, Jamie D. SKJELVAN, Ingunn STEINHOFF, Tobias SUN, Qing SUTTON, Adrienne J. SWEENEY, Colm TAKAO, Shintaro TANHUA, Toste TANS, Pieter P. TIAN, Xiangjun TIAN, Hanqin TILBROOK, Bronte TSUJINO, Hiroyuki TUBIELLO, Francesco VAN DER WERF, Guido R. WALKER, Anthony P. WANNINKHOF, Rik WHITEHEAD, Chris WRANNE, Anna Willstrand WRIGHT, Rebecca YUAN, Wenping YUE, Chao YUE, Xu ZAEHLE, Sonke ZENG, Jiye ZHENG, Bo AS 1:1,2;2:1;3:3;4:4;5:5,6;6:7;7:3;8:8;9:9,10;10:4;11:8,11;12:12,13;13:12;14:1;15:14;16:15;17:16,17;18:18;19:19;20:20;21:21;22:22,23;23:9,10;24:24;25:25;26:2;27:15;28:26;29:27;30:28;31:12;32:18;33:29;34:15;35:30;36:31,32,33;37:19;38:5,6;39:7;40:34;41:35,36;42:37;43:26;44:38;45:13;46:39;47:13;48:38;49:40;50:41;51:42;52:43,44;53:4;54:13,30;55:45;56:46;57:47;58:48;59:35,36;60:3;61:15;62:45;63:49;64:50,51;65:52;66:43,52;67:18,54;68:55;69:56,57;70:58,59;71:60;72:28;73:61;74:62,63;75:64;76:65;77:66;78:1;79:10,67;80:68;81:1;82:10,67;83:69;84:70,71;85:18;86:51;87:52;88:69;89:51,72;90:73;91:59;92:74,75;93:53;94:76;95:77;96:78,79;97:60;98:80;99:81;100:3;101:82;102:83;103:84;104:65;105:52;106:85; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:;34:;35:;36:;37:;38:;39:;40:;41:;42:;43:;44:;45:;46:;47:;48:;49:;50:;51:;52:;53:;54:;55:;56:;57:;58:;59:;60:;61:;62:;63:;64:;65:;66:;67:;68:;69:;70:;71:;72:;73:;74:;75:;76:;77:;78:;79:;80:;81:;82:;83:;84:;85:;86:;87:;88:;89:;90:;91:;92:;93:;94:;95:;96:;97:;98:;99:;100:;101:;102:;103:;104:;105:;106:; C1 Univ Exeter, Fac Environm Sci & Econ, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. 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C2 UNIV EXETER, UK UNIV PSL, FRANCE UNIV E ANGLIA, UK CICERO, NORWAY ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND INST A WEGENER, GERMANY UNIV WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS UNIV BERGEN, NORWAY BCCR, NORWAY UNIV GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS UNIV MUNCHEN, GERMANY MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL, GERMANY CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UNIV PARIS SACLAY, FRANCE UNIV STANFORD, USA UNIV STANFORD, USA NOAA, USA JRC, ITALY KARLSRUHE INST TECHNOL, GERMANY ENVIRONM & CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA, CANADA BIOS, BERMUDA UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, UK UNIV READING, UK LEIBNIZ INST BALT SEA RES (IOW), GERMANY UNIV MARYLAND, USA MARINE INST, IRELAND HAKAI INST, CANADA IIASA, AUSTRIA VLIZ, BELGIUM UNIV COLUMBIA, USA UNIV COLUMBIA, USA OPEN EARTH FDN, USA UNIV E ANGLIA, UK UNIV APPALACHIAN STATE, USA UNIV APPALACHIAN STATE, USA WOODWELL CLIMATE RES CTR, USA JAPAN METEOROL AGCY, JAPAN UNIV ILLINOIS, USA IAE, JAPAN NCAR UCAR, USA UNIV UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS UNIV WESTERN SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE NCAR NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, USA CALTECH, USA UNIV TSINGHUA, CHINA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, USA UNIV COLORADO, USA NOAA, USA NIES, JAPAN METEOROL RES INST, JAPAN UNIV WASHINGTON, USA FRA, JAPAN UNIV EDINBURGH, UK UNIV EDINBURGH, UK UNIV AUBURN, USA BOSTON COLL, USA NOAA, USA NASA GSFC, USA UNIV PRINCETON, USA UNIV PRINCETON, USA MET OFF, UK MAX PLANCK INST BIOGEOCHEM, GERMANY UNIV MIAMI, USA NORCE, NORWAY UNIV TOULOUSE, FRANCE IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY UNIV BERN, SWITZERLAND UNIV BERN, SWITZERLAND UNIV COLORADO, USA CHINESE ACAD SCI, CHINA CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA UNIV TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA FAO, ITALY UNIV VRIJE, NETHERLANDS OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, USA OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, USA SITKA TRIBE ALASKA, USA SMHI, SWEDEN UNIV SUN YAT SEN, CHINA UNIV NORTHWEST, CHINA NUIST, CHINA UNIV TSINGHUA, CHINA IF 11.4 TC 423 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00824/93590/100343.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00824/93590/100344.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00824/93590/100345.zip LA English DT Article CR OISO - OCÉAN INDIEN SERVICE D'OBSERVATION AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodologies to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the year 2021, EFOS increased by 5.1% relative to 2020, with fossil emissions at 10.1 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.1 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1),for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission (including the cement carbonation sink) of 10.9 +/- 0.8 GtC yr 1 (40.0 +/- 2.9 GtCO(2)). Also, for 2021, G(ATM) was 5.2 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1) (2.5 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN was 2.9 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1), and SLAND was 3.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1), with a B-IM of 0.6 GtC yr(-1) (i.e. the total estimated sources were too low or sinks were too high). The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2021 reached 414.71 +/- 0.1 ppm. Preliminary data for 2022 suggest an increase in E-FOS relative to 2021 of +1.0% (0.1% to 1.9 %) globally and atmospheric CO2 concentration reaching 417.2 ppm, more than 50% above pre-industrial levels (around 278 ppm). Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2021, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr(-1) persist for the representation of annual to semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. Comparison of estimates from multiple approaches and observations shows (1) a persistent large uncertainty in the estimate of land-use change emissions, (2) a low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extratropics, and (3) a discrepancy between the different methods on the strength of the ocean sink over the last decade. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set. The data presented in this work are available at https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2022 (Friedlingstein et al., 2022b). PY 2022 PD NOV SO Earth System Science Data SN 1866-3508 PU Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh VL 14 IS 11 UT 000928187000001 BP 4811 EP 4900 DI 10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 ID 93590 ER EF