FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI On Surface Waves Generated by Extra-Tropical Cyclones—Part II: Simulations BT AF Cheshm Siyahi, Vahid Kudryavtsev, Vladimir Yurovskaya, Maria Collard, Fabrice Chapron, Bertrand AS 1:1;2:1,2;3:1,2;4:3;5:4; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM; C1 Satellite Oceanography Laboratory, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, 195196 St. Petersburg, Russia Marine Hydrophysical Institute RAS, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia OceanDataLab, 29280 Locmaria-Plouzané, France Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France C2 UNIV RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROL, RUSSIA RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, RUSSIA OCEANDATALAB, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM UM LOPS IN WOS Ifremer UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 5 TC 0 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00839/95133/102823.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;extreme waves;extra-tropical cyclones;altimeter;CFOSAT-SWIM;ocean surface waves remote sensing;Atlantic ocean;ocean surface waves monitoring and modeling;parametric-2D wave-ray model;swell evolution;synthetic aperture radar AB In the previous companion study, satellite data were used to describe peculiar characteristics of ocean surface wave fields, generated by two extra-tropical cyclones (ETCs) rapidly propagating in the North Atlantic. Based on a 2D parametric wave model, further details are now provided to analyse and interpret the spatio-temporal evolution of very intense ETC-generated waves. Significant wave height and wavelength values are shown to reach extreme values, 18 m and 500 m, respectively. Resulting energetic swell systems waves then radiate in the whole eastern part of the North Atlantic, and more particularly in the Norwegian sea region. Moving to higher latitudes, wind forcing characteristics of ETCs evolve, with the shape of the wind field changing from quasi-cyclonic to “air jets/Icelandic lows”. In this paper, the resulting swell generation and propagation, after the deformation of an individual ETC, were studied, as well. Confirmed with comparisons with multi-satellite observations, the application of the parametric-2D wave-ray model was demonstrated to provide robust and highly detailed information on wave generation under very complex wind regime changes. PY 2023 PD APR SO Remote Sensing SN 2072-4292 PU MDPI AG VL 15 IS 9 UT 000988135000001 DI 10.3390/rs15092377 ID 95133 ER EF