FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Portuguese Irons Of The Late Bronze. A Geochemical View
BT 
AF Jambon, Albert
   Vilaça, Raquel
   Catarino, Lidia
   BARRAT, Jean-Alix
AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;
FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;
C1 Université de la Côte d’Azur, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne 06560, France
   Université de Coimbra. Faculdade de Letras. Instituto de Arqueologia. CEAACP/FCT, Portugal
   Université de Coimbra. Departamento de Ciências da Terra. Centro de Geociências, Portugal
   UBO Brest, CNRS, LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France
C2 UNIV SORBONNE, FRANCE
   UNIV COIMBRA, PORTUGAL
   UNIV COIMBRA, PORTUGAL
   UBO, FRANCE
UM LEMAR
IN WOS Cotutelle UMR
   copubli-france
   copubli-europe
   copubli-univ-france
TC 1
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00846/95828/103701.pdf
LA English
DT Article
DE ;Late Bronze Age;Portugal;12th-11th century BC;Beira interior;Baioes;metallurgy;Mediterra-nean;iron ore;chemical;forging
AB The discovery of iron objects in Portugal, dated from the end of the Bronze Age (12th-11th century BC) in the context of habitats, forces us to reconsider the question of their significance. We present the results of a geo-chemical approach by the comparative analysis of archaeological irons and Portuguese ores. The p-XRF anal-ysis of 15 artifacts from 4 different sites in Beira Interior (Monte do Trigo, Moreirinha and Monte do Frade) and Central (Baiões), indicates that the smelted iron probably derived from two distinct ores. The local typol-ogy and the association of the finds with bronze workshops requires a reexamination as to the question of their origin. The chemical characterization of the irons of Beira Interior, indicates that they are of primitive elaboration given their low quality, while that of Baiões already shows a metallurgical evolution which would be understandable if it were more recent. A comparison with other Bronze Age irons underscores their chem-ical specificity. Local iron rich ores cropping out near Salvador (Penamacor, Beira Interior), were sampled and analyzed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS and compared with various types of iron ores. The composition of Salvador ores compared to that of the Beira Interior artifacts implies a definite consanguinity. The importation of fin-ished objects, such as ingots with local forging must be excluded. The processing of the local ore and its forging by experienced metallurgists but novices in iron metallurgy, is a new and robust explanatory hypothesis in accordance with all the constraints already mentioned. This is the first time that Bronze Age irons can be related to a very likely ore source. The Mediterranean influences, marking the importation of a new and ex-tremely recent know-how, therefore correspond, at least in part, to exchanges from the east and perhaps even to the movement of people. This exotic contribution would be linked to the profound movements in the Med-iterranean context of the 12th century, probably from the Mediterranean East with possibly relays in the cen-tral Mediterranean. 
PY 2023
SO Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry
SN 1108-9628
PU Univ Agean, Dept Mediterranean Stud
VL 23
IS 2
UT 001029278100005
BP 109
EP 125
DI 10.5281/zenodo.7918158
ID 95828
ER

EF