FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Physically constrained covariance inflation from location uncertainty BT AF Zhen, Yicun Resseguier, Valentin Chapron, Bertrand AS 1:1;2:2,3;3:4; FF 1:;2:;3:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM; C1 College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China LAB SCALIAN DS, Rennes, France INRAE, OPAALE, Rennes, France Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, Ifremer, Plouzaé, France C2 UNIV HOHAI, CHINA SCALIAN, FRANCE INRAE, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM UM LOPS IN WOS Ifremer UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-p187 copubli-int-hors-europe copubli-sud IF 2.2 TC 0 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00847/95941/103887.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00847/95941/103888.pdf LA English DT Article AB Motivated by the concept of “location uncertainty”, initially introduced in Mémin (2014), a scheme is sought to perturb the “location” of a state variable at every forecast time step. Further considering Brenier's theorem (Brenier, 1991), asserting that the difference of two positive density fields on the same domain can be represented by a transportation map, we demonstrate that the perturbations consistently define a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) from the original PDE. It ensues that certain quantities, up to the user, are conserved at every time step. Remarkably, derivations following both the SALT (stochastic advection by Lie transport; Holm, 2015) and LU (location uncertainty; Mémin, 2014; Resseguier et al., 2017a) settings can be recovered from this perturbation scheme. Still, it offers broader applicability since it does not explicitly rely on Lagrangian mechanics or Newton's laws of force. For illustration, a stochastic version of the thermal shallow water equation is presented. PY 2023 PD JUL SO Nonlinear Processes In Geophysics SN 1023-5809 PU Copernicus GmbH VL 30 IS 2 UT 001077940400001 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.5194/npg-30-237-2023 ID 95941 ER EF