FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks BT AF FUJII, Yosuke REMY, Elisabeth ZUO, Hao OKE, Peter HALLIWELL, George GASPARIN, Florent BENKIRAN, Mounir LOOSE, Nora CUMMINGS, James XIE, Jiping XUE, Yan MASUDA, Shuhei SMITH, Gregory C. BALMASEDA, Magdalena GERMINEAUD, Cyril LEA, Daniel J. LARNICOL, Gilles BERTINO, Laurent BONADUCE, Antonio BRASSEUR, Pierre DONLON, Craig HEIMBACH, Patrick KIM, YoungHo KOURAFALOU, Villy LE TRAON, Pierre-Yves MARTIN, Matthew PATURI, Shastri TRANCHANT, Benoit USUI, Norihisa AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:2;7:2;8:6,7;9:8;10:9;11:10;12:11;13:12;14:3;15:5,13;16:14;17:15;18:9;19:16;20:17;21:18;22:6;23:19;24:20;25:2,21;26:14;27:8;28:15;29:1; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:PDG-ODE;26:;27:;28:;29:; C1 Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Tsukuba, Japan Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Physical Oceanography Division, Miami, FL, United States Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. I.M Systems Group, NCEP Environmental Modeling Center, College Park, MD, United States Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC), Bergen, Norway Climate Prediction Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, MD, United States Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan Environmental Numerical Prediction Research Section, Meteorological Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, QC, Canada Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-St-Agne, France Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, Netherlands Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea Department of Ocean Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States C2 JAPAN METEOROL AGCY, JAPAN MERCATOR OCEAN, FRANCE ECMWF, UK CSIRO OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE, AUSTRALIA NOAA, USA UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN, USA UNIV BERGEN, NORWAY NOAA, USA NERSC, NORWAY NOAA, USA JAMSTEC, JAPAN ENVIRONM & CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA, CANADA UNIV MIAMI, USA MET OFF, UK CLS, FRANCE HZG, GERMANY UNIV GRENOBLE ALPES, FRANCE ESA, NETHERLANDS KIOST, SOUTH KOREA UNIV MIAMI, USA IFREMER, FRANCE SI MERCATOR SE PDG-ODE IN WOS Ifremer UPR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 5.247 TC 54 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00878/98982/108747.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;observing system evaluation;ocean data assimilation;ocean prediction;OSSE (observing system simulation experiment);OSE (observing system experiment);GODAE OceanView;OceanPredict;CLIVAR-GSOP AB This paper summarizes recent efforts on Observing System Evaluation (OS-Eval) by the Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction (ODAP) communities such as GODAE OceanView and CLIVAR-GSOP. It provides some examples of existing OS-Eval methodologies, and attempts to discuss the potential and limitation of the existing approaches. Observing System Experiment (OSE) studies illustrate the impacts of the severe decrease in the number of TAO buoys during 2012-2014 and TRITON buoys since 2013 on ODAP system performance. Multi-system evaluation of the impacts of assimilating satellite sea surface salinity data based on OSEs has been performed to demonstrate the need to continue and enhance satellite salinity missions. Impacts of underwater gliders have been assessed using Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to provide guidance on the effective coordination of the western North Atlantic observing system elements. OSSEs are also being performed under H2020 AtlantOS project with the goal to enhance and optimize the Atlantic in-situ networks. Potential of future satellite missions of wide-swath altimetry and surface ocean currents monitoring is explored through OSSEs and evaluation of Degrees of Freedomfor Signal (DFS). Forecast Sensitivity Observation Impacts (FSOI) are routinely evaluated for monitoring the ocean observation impacts in the US Navy's ODAP system. Perspectives on the extension of OS-Eval to coastal regions, the deep ocean, polar regions, coupled data assimilation, and biogeochemical applications are also presented. Based on the examples above, we identify the limitations of OS-Eval, indicating that the most significant limitation is reduction of robustness and reliability of the results due to their system-dependency. The difficulty of performing evaluation in near real time is also critical. A strategy to mitigate the limitation and to strengthen the impact of evaluations is discussed. In particular, we emphasize the importance of collaboration within the ODAP community for multi-system evaluation and of communication with ocean observational communities on the design of OS-Eval, required resources, and effective distribution of the results. Finally, we recommend further developing OS-Eval activities at international level with the support of the international ODAP (e.g., OceanPredict and CLIVAR-GSOP) and observational communities. PY 2019 PD JUN SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media Sa VL 6 UT 000477970900001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00417 ID 98982 ER EF