Models of the ocean: which ocean ? GODAE Summer School
A simplistic view of the surface ocean circulation is often found in geographical maps. The main surface currents represented in Fig.1 are the large scale, wind driven currents which Sverdrup and Stommel, among others pioneers, have tried to understand. The first models of the wind-forced ocean circulation that they built were two-dimensional, used the simplified quasigeostrophic equations, and the western boundary currents were viscous boundary layers.
Treguier Anne-Marie (2004). Models of the ocean: which ocean ? GODAE Summer School. Ocean Weather Forecasting, An Integrated View of Oceanography (book). 1-32. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6332/