‘Populations of all commercially exploited fish and shellfish,..’: Commercially exploited populations applies to all living marine resources targeted for economic profit. Fish and shellfish represent all marine vertebrate andinvertebrate taxa including bone-fish, elasmobranchs, starfish, crayfish, bivalves, molluscs (including cuttlefish, squid) and extended to also include jellyfish. For the phrase ‘..within safe biological limits..’ we adopted two attributes that are currently used to assess the stocks both in the ICES area as well as in the Mediterranean by GFCM; a stock should be (1) exploited sustainably consistent with high long-term yields and (2) have full reproductive capacity. However, for the assessment of these attributes we differentiate from the current practice in that we now still propose the application of a formal rule that combines the two attributes, i.e. SSB>Bpa and F