Analytical Techniques for the Doppler Signature of Sea Surfaces in the Microwave Regime-I: Linear Surfaces

Type Article
Date 2011-12
Language English
Author(s) Nouguier FredericORCID1, Guerin Charles-Antoine3, Soriano Gabriel2
Affiliation(s) 1 : IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
2 : Univ Aix Marseille 3, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Unite Mixte Rech 6133, Inst Fresnel, F-13397 Marseille, France.
3 : Univ Sud Toulon Var, Unite Mixte Rech 6017, Lab Sondages Electromagnet Environm Terr, Ctr Natl Resch Sci,Geosci & Remote Sensing Dept, F-83957 La Garde, France.
Source Ieee Transactions On Geoscience And Remote Sensing (0196-2892) (Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc), 2011-12 , Vol. 49 , N. 12 , P. 4856-4864
DOI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2152848
WOS© Times Cited 22
Keyword(s) Doppler spectrum, gravity waves, microwave, remote sensing, rough surfaces, scattering, sea surface
Abstract This paper is the first in a series of two papers on the use of combined improved hydrodynamic and electromagnetic analytical models for the simulation of the ocean Doppler spectrum at microwave frequencies. Under a linear assumption for the sea surface, we derive statistical expression for the main Doppler characteristics according to asymptotic scattering models. We consider classical models such as the Kirchhoff approximation and the two-scale model, as well as the more recent weighted curvature approximation (WCA). We recover two salient features of Doppler signature in the microwave regime. First, the Doppler characteristics are very sensitive to polarization, with higher mean Doppler shift in horizontal polarization. This is correctly rendered by the WCA but not the classical models. Second, the first two moments of the Doppler spectrum exhibit a nontrivial dependence on incidence angle. Results compare favorably with rigorous numerical computations for 1-D surfaces published in the literature. The simplicity and accuracy of the analytical models provide a valuable tool for the Doppler analysis of 2-D sea surfaces.
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