Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms after Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface
Type | Article | ||||||||
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Date | 2013-07-10 | ||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||
Author(s) | Tamburini Christian1, 2, Canals Miquel3, Durrieu De Madron Xavier4, Houpert Loic4, Lefevre Dominique1, 2, Martini Séverine1, 2, D'Ortenzio Fabrizio5, Robert Anne1, 2, Testor Pierre6, Aguilar Juan Antonio7, Al Samarai Imen8, Albert Arnaud9, Andre Michel10, Anghinolfi Marco11, Anton Gisela12, Anvar Shebli13, Ardid Miguel14, Assis Jesus Ana Carolina15, Astraatmadja Tri L.15, Aubert Jean-Jacques8, Baret Bruny16, Basa Stephane17, Bertin Vincent8, Biagi Simone18, 19, Bigi Armando20, Bigongiari Ciro7, Bogazzi Claudio15, Bou-Cabo Manuel14, Bouhou Boutayeb16, Bouwhuis Mieke C.15, Brunner Jurgen8, Busto Jose8, Camarena Francisco14, Capone Antonio21, 22, Carloganu Christina23, Carminati Giada18, 19, Carr John8, Cecchini Stefano18, 24, Charif Ziad8, Charvis Philippe25, 26, Chiarusi Tommaso18, Circella Marco27, Coniglione Rosa28, Costantini Heide8, 11, Coyle Paschal8, Curtil Christian8, Decowski Patrick15, Dekeyser Ivan1, 2, Deschamps Anne25, 26, Donzaud Corinne16, 29, Dornic Damien7, 8, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q.30, Drouhin Doriane9, Eberl Thomas12, Emanuele Umberto7, Ernenwein Jean-Pierre8, Escoffier Stephanie8, Fermani Paolo21, 22, Ferri Marcelino14, Flaminio Vincenzo20, 31, Folger Florian12, Fritsch Ulf12, Fuda Jean-Luc1, 2, Galata Salvatore8, Gay Pascal23, Giacomelli Giorgio18, 19, Giordano Valentina28, Gomez-Gonzalez Juan-Pablo7, Graf Kay12, Guillard Goulven23, Halladjian Garadeb8, Hallewell Gregory8, Van Haren Hans31, Hartman Joris15, Heijboer Aart J.15, Hello Yann25, 26, Hernandez-Rey Juan Jose7, Herold Bjoern12, Hossl Jurgen12, Hsu Ching-Cheng16, de Jong Marteen16, Kadler Matthias33, Kalekin Oleg12, Kappes Alexander12, Katz Uli12, Kavatsyuk Oksana30, Kooijman Paul16, 34, 35, Kopper Claudio12, Kouchner Antoine17, Kreykenbohm Ingo33, Kulikovskiy Vladimir11, 36, Lahmann Robert12, Lamare Patrick13, Larosa Giuseppina14, Lattuada Dario27, Lim Gordon15, 35, Lo Presti Domenico37, 38, Loehner Herbert29, Loucatos Sotiris39, Mangano Salvatore7, Marcelin Michel17, Margiotta Annarita18, 19, Martinez-Mora Juan Antonio14, Meli Athina12, Montaruli Teresa27, 40, Moscoso Luciano17, 39, Motz Holger12, Neff Max12, Nezri Emmanuel17, Palioselitis Dimitris15, Pavalas Gabriela E.41, Payet Kevin38, Payre Patrice8, Petrovic Jelena15, Piattelli Paolo28, Picot-Clemente Nicolas8, Popa Vlad41, Pradier Thierry42, 43, Presani Eleonora15, Racca Chantal9, Reed Corey15, Riccobene Giorgio28, Richardt Carsten12, Richter Roland12, Riviere Colas8, Roensch Kathrin12, Rostovtsev Andrei44, Ruiz-Rivas Joaquin8, Rujoiu Marius41, Russo Valerio G.37, 38, Salesa Francisco7, Sanchez-Losa Augustin7, Sapienza Piera28, Schock Friederike12, Schuller Jean-Pierre39, Schussler Fabian39, Shanidze Rezo12, Simeone Francesco21, 22, Spies Andreas12, Spurio Maurizio18, 19, Steijger Jos J. M.15, Stolarczyk Thierry39, Taiuti Mauro G. F.11, 45, Toscano Simona7, Vallage Bertrand39, Van Elewyck Veronique16, Vannoni Giulia39, Vecchi Manuela8, Vernin Pascal39, Wijnker Guus15, Wilms Jorn33, de Wolf Els15, 35, Yepes Harold7, Zaborov Dmitry44, Zornoza Juan De Dios7, Zuniga Juan7 | ||||||||
Affiliation(s) | 1 : Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, Marseille, France 2 : Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, La Garde, France 3 : GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain 4 : Université de Perpignan, CNRS-INSU, CEFREM UMR5110, Perpignan, France 5 : Université Pierre & Marie Curie, CNRS-INSU, LOV UMR7093, Villefranche-sur-mer, France 6 : Université Pierre & Marie Curie, CNRS-INSU, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LOCEAN UMR 7159, Paris, France 7 : IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Edificios Investigación de Paterna, CSIC – Universitat de València, Apdo. de Correos, Valencia, Spain 8 : CPPM – Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France 9 : GRPHE – Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, Colmar, France 10 : Technical University of Catalonia, Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Barcelona, Spain 11 : INFN – Sezione di Genova, Bologna, Italy 12 : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, Germany 13 : Direction des Sciences de la Matière – Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers – Service d'Electronique des Détecteurs et d'Informatique, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 14 : Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) – Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia, Spain 15 : Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 16 : APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France 17 : Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, Marseille, France 18 : INFN – Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 19 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, Bologna, Italy 20 : INFN – Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 21 : INFN -Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy 22 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy 23 : Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, IN2P3-CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France 24 : INAF-IASF, Bologna, Italy 25 : Géoazur – Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France 26 : Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France 27 : INFN – Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy 28 : INFN – Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Catania, Italy 29 : Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France 30 : Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands 31 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Pisa, Italy 32 : Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands 33 : Dr. Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, Bamberg, Germany 34 : Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Betawetenschappen, Utrecht, The Netherlands 35 : Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysika, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 36 : Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia 37 : INFN – Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy 38 : Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell'Università, Catania, Italy 39 : Direction des Sciences de la Matière – Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers – Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 40 : University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America 41 : Institute for Space Sciences, Bucharest, Romania 42 : IPHC-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien – Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France 43 : CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France 44 : ITEP – Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia 45 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universita, Genova, Italy |
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Source | Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library of Science), 2013-07-10 , Vol. 8 , N. 7 , P. 1-10 | ||||||||
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067523 | ||||||||
WOS© Times Cited | 53 | ||||||||
Abstract | The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organisms, most of which are able to emit light. Here we present a unique data set consisting of a 2.5-year long record of light emission by deep-sea pelagic organisms, measured from December 2007 to June 2010 at the ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope in the deep NW Mediterranean Sea, jointly with synchronous hydrological records. This is the longest continuous time-series of deep-sea bioluminescence ever recorded. Our record reveals several weeks long, seasonal bioluminescence blooms with light intensity up to two orders of magnitude higher than background values, which correlate to changes in the properties of deep waters. Such changes are triggered by the winter cooling and evaporation experienced by the upper ocean layer in the Gulf of Lion that leads to the formation and subsequent sinking of dense water through a process known as "open-sea convection". It episodically renews the deep water of the study area and conveys fresh organic matter that fuels the deep ecosystems. Luminous bacteria most likely are the main contributors to the observed deep-sea bioluminescence blooms. Our observations demonstrate a consistent and rapid connection between deep open-sea convection and bathypelagic biological activity, as expressed by bioluminescence. In a setting where dense water formation events are likely to decline under global warming scenarios enhancing ocean stratification, in situ observatories become essential as environmental sentinels for the monitoring and understanding of deep-sea ecosystem shifts. | ||||||||
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