Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms after Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface

Type Article
Date 2013-07-10
Language English
Author(s) Tamburini Christian1, 2, Canals Miquel3, Durrieu De Madron Xavier4, Houpert Loic4, Lefevre Dominique1, 2, Martini Séverine1, 2, D'Ortenzio Fabrizio5, Robert Anne1, 2, Testor Pierre6, Aguilar Juan Antonio7, Al Samarai Imen8, Albert Arnaud9, Andre Michel10, Anghinolfi Marco11, Anton Gisela12, Anvar Shebli13, Ardid Miguel14, Assis Jesus Ana Carolina15, Astraatmadja Tri L.15, Aubert Jean-Jacques8, Baret Bruny16, Basa Stephane17, Bertin Vincent8, Biagi Simone18, 19, Bigi Armando20, Bigongiari Ciro7, Bogazzi Claudio15, Bou-Cabo Manuel14, Bouhou Boutayeb16, Bouwhuis Mieke C.15, Brunner Jurgen8, Busto Jose8, Camarena Francisco14, Capone Antonio21, 22, Carloganu Christina23, Carminati Giada18, 19, Carr John8, Cecchini Stefano18, 24, Charif Ziad8, Charvis Philippe25, 26, Chiarusi Tommaso18, Circella Marco27, Coniglione Rosa28, Costantini Heide8, 11, Coyle Paschal8, Curtil Christian8, Decowski Patrick15, Dekeyser Ivan1, 2, Deschamps Anne25, 26, Donzaud Corinne16, 29, Dornic Damien7, 8, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q.30, Drouhin Doriane9, Eberl Thomas12, Emanuele Umberto7, Ernenwein Jean-Pierre8, Escoffier Stephanie8, Fermani Paolo21, 22, Ferri Marcelino14, Flaminio Vincenzo20, 31, Folger Florian12, Fritsch Ulf12, Fuda Jean-Luc1, 2, Galata Salvatore8, Gay Pascal23, Giacomelli Giorgio18, 19, Giordano Valentina28, Gomez-Gonzalez Juan-Pablo7, Graf Kay12, Guillard Goulven23, Halladjian Garadeb8, Hallewell Gregory8, Van Haren Hans31, Hartman Joris15, Heijboer Aart J.15, Hello Yann25, 26, Hernandez-Rey Juan Jose7, Herold Bjoern12, Hossl Jurgen12, Hsu Ching-Cheng16, de Jong Marteen16, Kadler Matthias33, Kalekin Oleg12, Kappes Alexander12, Katz Uli12, Kavatsyuk Oksana30, Kooijman Paul16, 34, 35, Kopper Claudio12, Kouchner Antoine17, Kreykenbohm Ingo33, Kulikovskiy Vladimir11, 36, Lahmann Robert12, Lamare Patrick13, Larosa Giuseppina14, Lattuada Dario27, Lim Gordon15, 35, Lo Presti Domenico37, 38, Loehner Herbert29, Loucatos Sotiris39, Mangano Salvatore7, Marcelin Michel17, Margiotta Annarita18, 19, Martinez-Mora Juan Antonio14, Meli Athina12, Montaruli Teresa27, 40, Moscoso Luciano17, 39, Motz Holger12, Neff Max12, Nezri Emmanuel17, Palioselitis Dimitris15, Pavalas Gabriela E.41, Payet Kevin38, Payre Patrice8, Petrovic Jelena15, Piattelli Paolo28, Picot-Clemente Nicolas8, Popa Vlad41, Pradier Thierry42, 43, Presani Eleonora15, Racca Chantal9, Reed Corey15, Riccobene Giorgio28, Richardt Carsten12, Richter Roland12, Riviere Colas8, Roensch Kathrin12, Rostovtsev Andrei44, Ruiz-Rivas Joaquin8, Rujoiu Marius41, Russo Valerio G.37, 38, Salesa Francisco7, Sanchez-Losa Augustin7, Sapienza Piera28, Schock Friederike12, Schuller Jean-Pierre39, Schussler Fabian39, Shanidze Rezo12, Simeone Francesco21, 22, Spies Andreas12, Spurio Maurizio18, 19, Steijger Jos J. M.15, Stolarczyk Thierry39, Taiuti Mauro G. F.11, 45, Toscano Simona7, Vallage Bertrand39, Van Elewyck Veronique16, Vannoni Giulia39, Vecchi Manuela8, Vernin Pascal39, Wijnker Guus15, Wilms Jorn33, de Wolf Els15, 35, Yepes Harold7, Zaborov Dmitry44, Zornoza Juan De Dios7, Zuniga Juan7
Affiliation(s) 1 : Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, Marseille, France
2 : Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, La Garde, France
3 : GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain
4 : Université de Perpignan, CNRS-INSU, CEFREM UMR5110, Perpignan, France
5 : Université Pierre & Marie Curie, CNRS-INSU, LOV UMR7093, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
6 : Université Pierre & Marie Curie, CNRS-INSU, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LOCEAN UMR 7159, Paris, France
7 : IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Edificios Investigación de Paterna, CSIC – Universitat de València, Apdo. de Correos, Valencia, Spain
8 : CPPM – Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
9 : GRPHE – Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, Colmar, France
10 : Technical University of Catalonia, Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Barcelona, Spain
11 : INFN – Sezione di Genova, Bologna, Italy
12 : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, Germany
13 : Direction des Sciences de la Matière – Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers – Service d'Electronique des Détecteurs et d'Informatique, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
14 : Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) – Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia, Spain
15 : Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
16 : APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
17 : Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, Marseille, France
18 : INFN – Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
19 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, Bologna, Italy
20 : INFN – Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
21 : INFN -Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
22 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
23 : Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, IN2P3-CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
24 : INAF-IASF, Bologna, Italy
25 : Géoazur – Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
26 : Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
27 : INFN – Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
28 : INFN – Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Catania, Italy
29 : Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
30 : Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
31 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Pisa, Italy
32 : Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
33 : Dr. Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, Bamberg, Germany
34 : Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Betawetenschappen, Utrecht, The Netherlands
35 : Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysika, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
36 : Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia
37 : INFN – Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
38 : Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell'Università, Catania, Italy
39 : Direction des Sciences de la Matière – Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers – Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
40 : University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
41 : Institute for Space Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
42 : IPHC-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien – Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
43 : CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
44 : ITEP – Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
45 : Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universita, Genova, Italy
Source Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library of Science), 2013-07-10 , Vol. 8 , N. 7 , P. 1-10
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0067523
WOS© Times Cited 56
Abstract The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organisms, most of which are able to emit light. Here we present a unique data set consisting of a 2.5-year long record of light emission by deep-sea pelagic organisms, measured from December 2007 to June 2010 at the ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope in the deep NW Mediterranean Sea, jointly with synchronous hydrological records. This is the longest continuous time-series of deep-sea bioluminescence ever recorded. Our record reveals several weeks long, seasonal bioluminescence blooms with light intensity up to two orders of magnitude higher than background values, which correlate to changes in the properties of deep waters. Such changes are triggered by the winter cooling and evaporation experienced by the upper ocean layer in the Gulf of Lion that leads to the formation and subsequent sinking of dense water through a process known as "open-sea convection". It episodically renews the deep water of the study area and conveys fresh organic matter that fuels the deep ecosystems. Luminous bacteria most likely are the main contributors to the observed deep-sea bioluminescence blooms. Our observations demonstrate a consistent and rapid connection between deep open-sea convection and bathypelagic biological activity, as expressed by bioluminescence. In a setting where dense water formation events are likely to decline under global warming scenarios enhancing ocean stratification, in situ observatories become essential as environmental sentinels for the monitoring and understanding of deep-sea ecosystem shifts.
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Tamburini Christian, Canals Miquel, Durrieu De Madron Xavier, Houpert Loic, Lefevre Dominique, Martini Séverine, D'Ortenzio Fabrizio, Robert Anne, Testor Pierre, Aguilar Juan Antonio, Al Samarai Imen, Albert Arnaud, Andre Michel, Anghinolfi Marco, Anton Gisela, Anvar Shebli, Ardid Miguel, Assis Jesus Ana Carolina, Astraatmadja Tri L., Aubert Jean-Jacques, Baret Bruny, Basa Stephane, Bertin Vincent, Biagi Simone, Bigi Armando, Bigongiari Ciro, Bogazzi Claudio, Bou-Cabo Manuel, Bouhou Boutayeb, Bouwhuis Mieke C., Brunner Jurgen, Busto Jose, Camarena Francisco, Capone Antonio, Carloganu Christina, Carminati Giada, Carr John, Cecchini Stefano, Charif Ziad, Charvis Philippe, Chiarusi Tommaso, Circella Marco, Coniglione Rosa, Costantini Heide, Coyle Paschal, Curtil Christian, Decowski Patrick, Dekeyser Ivan, Deschamps Anne, Donzaud Corinne, Dornic Damien, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q., Drouhin Doriane, Eberl Thomas, Emanuele Umberto, Ernenwein Jean-Pierre, Escoffier Stephanie, Fermani Paolo, Ferri Marcelino, Flaminio Vincenzo, Folger Florian, Fritsch Ulf, Fuda Jean-Luc, Galata Salvatore, Gay Pascal, Giacomelli Giorgio, Giordano Valentina, Gomez-Gonzalez Juan-Pablo, Graf Kay, Guillard Goulven, Halladjian Garadeb, Hallewell Gregory, Van Haren Hans, Hartman Joris, Heijboer Aart J., Hello Yann, Hernandez-Rey Juan Jose, Herold Bjoern, Hossl Jurgen, Hsu Ching-Cheng, de Jong Marteen, Kadler Matthias, Kalekin Oleg, Kappes Alexander, Katz Uli, Kavatsyuk Oksana, Kooijman Paul, Kopper Claudio, Kouchner Antoine, Kreykenbohm Ingo, Kulikovskiy Vladimir, Lahmann Robert, Lamare Patrick, Larosa Giuseppina, Lattuada Dario, Lim Gordon, Lo Presti Domenico, Loehner Herbert, Loucatos Sotiris, Mangano Salvatore, Marcelin Michel, Margiotta Annarita, Martinez-Mora Juan Antonio, Meli Athina, Montaruli Teresa, Moscoso Luciano, Motz Holger, Neff Max, Nezri Emmanuel, Palioselitis Dimitris, Pavalas Gabriela E., Payet Kevin, Payre Patrice, Petrovic Jelena, Piattelli Paolo, Picot-Clemente Nicolas, Popa Vlad, Pradier Thierry, Presani Eleonora, Racca Chantal, Reed Corey, Riccobene Giorgio, Richardt Carsten, Richter Roland, Riviere Colas, Roensch Kathrin, Rostovtsev Andrei, Ruiz-Rivas Joaquin, Rujoiu Marius, Russo Valerio G., Salesa Francisco, Sanchez-Losa Augustin, Sapienza Piera, Schock Friederike, Schuller Jean-Pierre, Schussler Fabian, Shanidze Rezo, Simeone Francesco, Spies Andreas, Spurio Maurizio, Steijger Jos J. M., Stolarczyk Thierry, Taiuti Mauro G. F., Toscano Simona, Vallage Bertrand, Van Elewyck Veronique, Vannoni Giulia, Vecchi Manuela, Vernin Pascal, Wijnker Guus, Wilms Jorn, de Wolf Els, Yepes Harold, Zaborov Dmitry, Zornoza Juan De Dios, Zuniga Juan (2013). Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms after Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface. Plos One, 8(7), 1-10. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067523 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00241/35256/