A Geostatistical Definition of Hotspots for Fish Spatial Distributions

Type Article
Date 2016-01
Language English
Author(s) Petitgas PierreORCID1, Woillez MathieuORCID2, Doray MathieuORCID1, Rivoirard Jacques3
Affiliation(s) 1 : IFREMER, Res Unit EMH, Rue Ile Yeu, F-44300 Nantes, France.
2 : IFREMER, Res Unit STH, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
3 : PSL Res Univ, MINES ParisTech, Ctr Geosci & Geoengn, 35 Rue St Honore, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France.
Source Mathematical Geosciences (1874-8961) (Springer Heidelberg), 2016-01 , Vol. 48 , N. 1 , P. 65-77
DOI 10.1007/s11004-015-9592-z
WOS© Times Cited 8
Keyword(s) Hotspots, Indicators, Non-linear geostatistics, Multivariate geostatistics, Anchovy, Biscay
Abstract Research surveys at sea are undertaken yearly to monitor the distribution and abundance of fish stocks. In the survey data, a small number of high fish concentration values are often encountered, which denote hotspots of interest. But statistically, they are responsible for important uncertainty in the estimation. Thus understanding their spatial predictability given their surroundings is expected to reduce such uncertainty. Indicator variograms and cross-variograms allow to understand the spatial relationship between values above a cutoff and the rest of the distribution under that cutoff. Using these tools, a “top” cutoff can be evidenced above which values are spatially uncorrelated with their lower surroundings. Spatially, the geometric set corresponding to the top cutoff corresponds to biological hotspots, inside which high concentrations are contained. The hotspot areas were mapped using a multivariate kriging model, considering indicators in different years as covariates. The case study considered here is the series of acoustic surveys Pelgas performed in the Bay of Biscay to estimate anchovy and other pelagic fish species. The data represent tonnes of fish by square nautical mile along transects regularly spaced. Top cutoffs were estimated in each year. The areas of such anchovy hotspots are then mapped by co-kriging using all information across the time series. The geostatistical tools were adapted for estimating hotspot habitat maps and their variability, which are key information for the spatial management of fish stocks. Tools used here are generic and will apply in many engineering fields where predicting high concentration values spatially is of interest.
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