The estuarine geochemical reactivity of Zn isotopes and its relevance for the biomonitoring of anthropogenic Zn and Cd contaminations from metallurgical activities: Example of the Gironde fluvial-estuarine system, France

Type Article
Date 2015-12
Language English
Author(s) Petit Jerome C. J.1, Schafer Jörg1, Coynel Alexandra1, Blanc Gerard1, Chiffoleau Jean-Francois2, Auger Dominique2, Bossy Cecile1, Derriennic Herve1, Mikolaczyk Mathilde1, Dutruch Lionel1, Mattielli Nadine3
Affiliation(s) 1 : Univ Bordeaux, UMR EPOC OASU 5805, TGM, F-33615 Pessac, France.
2 : IFREMER Ctr Nantes, Dept DCN, F-44311 Nantes 3, France.
3 : Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, G Time, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Source Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta (0016-7037) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2015-12 , Vol. 170 , P. 108-125
DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.08.004
WOS© Times Cited 31
Abstract Zinc stable isotopes measurements by MC-ICP-MS, validated by laboratory intercalibrations, were performed on wild oysters, suspended particles and filtered river/estuarine water samples to provide new constraints for the use of Zn isotopes as environmental tracers. The samples selected were representative of the long range (400 km) transport of metal (Zn, Cd, etc.) contamination from former Zn-refining activities at Decazeville (i.e. δ66Zn > 1 ‰) and its phasing out, recorded during 30 years in wild oysters from the Gironde Estuary mouth (RNO/ROCCH sample bank). The study also addresses additional anthropogenic sources (urban and viticulture) and focuses on geochemical reactivity of Zn in the turbidity gradient and the maximum turbidity zone (MTZ) of the fluvial Gironde Estuary. In this area, dissolved Zn showed a strong removal onto suspended particulate matter (SPM) and progressive enrichment in heavy isotopes with increasing SPM concentrations varying from δ66Zn = -0.02 ‰ at 2 mg/L to +0.90 ‰ at 1310 mg/L. These signatures were attributed to kinetically driven adsorption due to strongly increasing sorption sites in the turbidity gradient and MTZ of the estuary. Oysters from the estuary mouth, contaminated sediments from the Lot River and SPM entering the estuary showed parallel historical evolutions (1979-2010) for Zn/Cd ratios but not for δ66Zn values. Oysters had signatures varying from δ66Zn = 1.43 ‰ in 1983 to 1.18 ‰ in 2010 and were offset by δ66Zn = 0.6 - 0.7 ‰ compared to past (1988) and present SPM from the salinity gradient. Isotopic signatures in river-borne particles entering the Gironde Estuary under contrasting freshwater discharge regimes during 2003-2011 showed similar values (δ66Zn ≈ 0.35 ± 0.03 ‰; 1SD, n=15), i.e. they were neither related to former metal refining activities at least for the past decade nor clearly affected by other anthropogenic sources. Therefore, the Zn isotopic signatures in Gironde oysters reflect the geochemical reactivity of Zn in the estuary rather than signatures of past metallurgical contaminations in the watershed as recorded in contaminated river sediments. The study also shows that the isotopic composition of Zn is strongly fractionated by its geochemical reactivity in the Gironde Estuary, representative of meso-macrotidal estuarine systems.
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Petit Jerome C. J., Schafer Jörg, Coynel Alexandra, Blanc Gerard, Chiffoleau Jean-Francois, Auger Dominique, Bossy Cecile, Derriennic Herve, Mikolaczyk Mathilde, Dutruch Lionel, Mattielli Nadine (2015). The estuarine geochemical reactivity of Zn isotopes and its relevance for the biomonitoring of anthropogenic Zn and Cd contaminations from metallurgical activities: Example of the Gironde fluvial-estuarine system, France. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 170, 108-125. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.08.004 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00277/38852/