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Episodic speleothem deposition tracks the terrestrial impact of millennial-scale last glacial climate variability in SW Ireland
Eighty four new U-Th ages are presented for twenty randomly selected broken, displaced and reworked calcite speleothems retrieved from clastic sedimentary fill and from isolated bedding-plane shelves in Crag cave (SW Ireland). The dated pre-Holocene samples span much of the last glacial, ranging in age from 85.15 +/- 0.60 to 23.45 +/- 0.17 ka. Speleothem deposition requires the presence of liquid water, and because Crag cave is a shallow system, deposition is considered likely only when mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) exceed the freezing point of water. Deposition at this mid-latitude ocean-marginal site occurred episodically during MIS5a through to MIS2, synchronously within dating uncertainties, with the timing of Greenland Interstadials (GI). In the latter part of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3), deposition was particularly intense, consistent with regional scale climate amelioration inferred previously from radiocarbon ages for sparse MIS3 organic and freshwater surficial deposits in N. Ireland. A brief episode of speleothem deposition at c.23.40 +/- 0.22 ka coincides with GI-2, demonstrating the sensitivity of the site to brief climate amelioration episodes in Greenland during MIS2. Conditions favourable for speleothem deposition occurred periodically during the last glacial, indicating temperature changes of at least 10 degrees C between stadials and interstadials at this mid-latitude site. Deposition ceased during Greenland Stadials (GS), including during periods of ice-rafting in the adjacent N. Atlantic Ocean (Heinrich events). Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of the last glacial speleothems are generally elevated, reflecting non-equilibrium isotope fractionation effects. However, establishment of low delta C-13 values often occurred within a few decades of climate amelioration, indicating that biogenic CO2 production resumed rapidly at this site, particularly during MIS3. Speleothem delta O-18 variability was driven largely by long-term changes in the delta O-18 value of the adjacent North Atlantic surface water, in turn largely reflecting changes in global ice volume. In common with published speleothem datasets, warming episodes in Ireland associated with GI events typically pre-date their timing in the GICC05 and GICC05modelext time scales, but lie comfortably within the maximum counting uncertainties of these ice core age models.
Keyword(s)
Speleothems, Last glacial cycle, Greenland Interstadials, NGRIP chronology
Full Text
File | Pages | Size | Access | |
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Publisher's official version | 14 | 3 Mo | ||
Fig. S1. Map showing the position of Crag cave (red), the Greenland ice core NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project Members, 2004), marine sediment cores ODP980 | 1 | 161 Ko | ||
Fig. S2. δ18O (blue) and δ13C (red) values for stalagmite CR025 and C58-2 and NGRIP δ18O to correlate the depositional intervals to GI. | 1 | 173 Ko | ||
Fig. S3. δ18O (blue) and δ13C (red) values for selected sections of stalagmite CR025 and C58-2, showing changes in isotope values as a function of distance into and out of the selected GI events. | 1 | 102 Ko | ||
Author's final draft | 38 | 10 Mo |