A Good Compromise: Rapid and Robust Species Proxies for Inventorying Biodiversity Hotspots Using the Terebridae (Gastropoda: Conoidea)

Devising a reproducible approach for species delimitation of hyperdiverse groups is an ongoing challenge in evolutionary biology. Speciation processes combine modes of passive and adaptive trait divergence requiring an integrative taxonomy approach to accurately generate robust species hypotheses. However, in light of the rapid decline of diversity on Earth, complete integrative approaches may not be practical in certain species-rich environments. As an alternative, we applied a two-step strategy combining ABGD (Automated Barcode Gap Discovery) and Klee diagrams, to balance speed and accuracy in producing primary species hypotheses (PSHs). Specifically, an ABGD/Klee approach was used for species delimitation in the Terebridae, a neurotoxin-producing marine snail family included in the Conoidea. Delimitation of species boundaries is problematic in the Conoidea, as traditional taxonomic approaches are hampered by the high levels of variation, convergence and morphological plasticity of shell characters. We used ABGD to analyze gaps in the distribution of pairwise distances of 454 COI sequences attributed to 87 morphospecies and obtained 98 to 125 Primary Species Hypotheses (PSHs). The PSH partitions were subsequently visualized as a Klee diagram color map, allowing easy detection of the incongruences that were further evaluated individually with two other species delimitation models, General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP). GMYC and PTP results confirmed the presence of 17 putative cryptic terebrid species in our dataset. The consensus of GMYC, PTP, and ABGD/Klee findings suggest the combination of ABGD and Klee diagrams is an effective approach for rapidly proposing primary species proxies in hyperdiverse groups and a reliable first step for macroscopic biodiversity assessment.

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Figure S1. Results of GMYC single threshold species delimitation on COI alignment.
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Figure S2. Results of GMYC multiple thresholds species delimitation on COI alignment.
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Figure S3. Results of PTP species delimitation on COI alignment.
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Table S1. List of Terebridae specimens analyzed. Table indicates morphospecies identification...
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Data S1. Original alignment of COI gene sequences. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102160.s005
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Data S2. Original alignment of 28S rDNA gene sequences. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102160.s006
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How to cite
Modica Maria Vittoria, Puillandre Nicolas, Castelin Magalie, Zhang Yu, Holford Mande (2014). A Good Compromise: Rapid and Robust Species Proxies for Inventorying Biodiversity Hotspots Using the Terebridae (Gastropoda: Conoidea). Plos One. 9 (7). e102160 (8p.). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102160, https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00468/57921/

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