A surface kinematics buoy (SKIB) for wave–current interaction studies

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and modern motion-sensor packages allow the measurement of ocean surface waves with low-cost drifters. Drifting along or across current gradients provides unique measurements of wave–current interactions. In this study, we investigate the response of several combinations of GNSS receiver, motion-sensor package and hull design in order to define a prototype “surface kinematics buoy” (SKIB) that is particularly optimized for measuring wave–current interactions, including relatively short wave components that are important for air–sea interactions and remote-sensing applications. The comparison with existing Datawell Directional Waverider and Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking (SWIFT) buoys, as well as stereo-video imagery, demonstrates the performance of SKIB. The use of low-cost accelerometers and a spherical ribbed and skirted hull design provides acceptable heave spectra E(f) from 0.09 to 1 Hz with an acceleration noise level (2πf)4E(f) close to 0.023 m2 s−3. Velocity estimates from GNSS receivers yield a mean direction and directional spread. Using a low-power acquisition board allows autonomous deployments over several months with data transmitted by satellite. The capability to measure current-induced wave variations is illustrated with data acquired in a macro-tidal coastal environment.

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Veras Guimaraes Pedro, Ardhuin Fabrice, Sutherland Peter, Accensi Mickael, Hamon Michel, Perignon Yves, Thomson Jim, Benetazzo Alvise, Ferrant Pierre (2018). A surface kinematics buoy (SKIB) for wave–current interaction studies. Ocean Science. 14 (6). 1449-1460. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1449-2018, https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00470/58136/

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