The Tropical Atlantic Observing System
| Type | Article | ||||||||
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| Date | 2019-05 | ||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||
| Author(s) | Foltz G. R.1, Brandt P.2, 3, Richter I.4, Rodríguez-Fonseca B.5, 6, Hernandez F.7, 8, Dengler M.2, Rodrigues R. R.9, Schmidt J. O.10, Yu L.11, Lefevre N.12, Da Cunha L. Cotrim13, McPhaden M. J.14, Araujo M.8, Karstensen J.2, Hahn J.2, Martín-Rey M.15, Patricola C. M.16, Poli P.17, Zuidema P.18, Hummels R.2, Perez Rc1, Hatje V.19, Lübbecke J. F.2, 3, Polo I.5, Lumpkin R.1, Bourlès Bernard20, Asuquo F. E.21, Lehodey P.22, Conchon A.22, Chang P.23, 24, Dandin P.25, Schmid C.1, Sutton A.14, Giordani H.25, Xue Y.26, Illig S.27, 28, Losada T.5, Grodsky S. A.29, Gasparin F.30, Lee T.31, Mohino E.5, Nobre P.32, Wanninkhof R.1, Keenlyside N.33, 34, Garcon V.27, Sánchez-Gómez E.15, Nnamchi H. C.2, Drévillon M.30, Storto A.35, 36, Remy E.30, Lazar A.37, Speich S.38, Goes M.1, 39, Dorrington T.40, Johns W. E.18, Moum J. N.41, Robinson C.42, Perruche Coralie30, de Souza R. B.32, Gaye A. T.43, López-Parages J.5, Monerie P.-A.44, Castellanos P.45, Benson N. U.46, Hounkonnou M. N.47, Duhá J. Trotte48, Laxenaire R.38, Reul Nicolas 49 |
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| Affiliation(s) | 1 : NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL, United States 2 : GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany 3 : Kiel University, Kiel, Germany 4 : Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan 5 : Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 6 : Instituto de Geociencias IGEO, UCM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain 7 : IRD, LEGOS, Mercator Océan, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France 8 : Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil 9 : Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil 10 : Kiel Marine Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany 11 : Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States 12 : LOCEAN-IPSL, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France 13 : Faculdade de Oceanografia, BrOA, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 14 : NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, WA, United States 15 : UMR5318 CECI CNRS-CERFACS, Toulouse, France 16 : Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States 17 : Center for Marine Meteorology, Météo-France, Brest, France 18 : Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States 19 : CIEnAm, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil 20 : Centre IRD de Bretagne, Technopole Pointe du Diable, Plouzané, France 21 : Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 22 : Collecte Localisation Satellites, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France 23 : Department of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States 24 : Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China 25 : Direction de la Recherche, Météo-France, Toulouse, France 26 : NOAA/NCEP Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States 27 : LEGOS, CNRS/IRD/UT/CNES, Toulouse, France 28 : Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 29 : Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States 30 : Mercator Ocean, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France 31 : JPL, NASA, Pasadena, CA, United States 32 : Center for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies – CPTEC, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil 33 : Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 34 : Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway 35 : Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy 36 : Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE), La Spezia, Italy 37 : LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ. Paris 06), CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France 38 : Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, ENS, UMR Ecole Polytech 8539, Paris, France 39 : CIMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States 40 : Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, United Kingdom 41 : College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States 42 : School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom 43 : ESP, University Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang, Dakar, Senegal 44 : National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom 45 : MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 46 : Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria 47 : Research Laboratory of Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin 48 : Directorate General for Science, Technology and Nuclear Development of the Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 49 : Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Brest, France |
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| Source | Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media SA), 2019-05 , Vol. 6 , N. 206 , P. 36p. | ||||||||
| DOI | 10.3389/fmars.2019.00206 | ||||||||
| WOS© Times Cited | 54 | ||||||||
| Keyword(s) | tropical Atlantic Ocean, observing system, weather, climate, hurricanes, biogeochemistry, ecosystems, coupled model bias | ||||||||
| Abstract | The tropical Atlantic is home to multiple coupled climate variations covering a wide range of timescales and impacting societally relevant phenomena such as continental rainfall, Atlantic hurricane activity, oceanic biological productivity, and atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Pacific. The tropical Atlantic also connects the southern and northern branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and receives freshwater input from some of the world’s largest rivers. To address these diverse, unique, and interconnected research challenges, a rich network of ocean observations has developed, building on the backbone of the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). This network has evolved naturally over time and out of necessity in order to address the most important outstanding scientific questions and to improve predictions of tropical Atlantic severe weather and global climate variability and change. The tropical Atlantic observing system is motivated by goals to understand and better predict phenomena such as tropical Atlantic interannual to decadal variability and climate change; multidecadal variability and its links to the meridional overturning circulation; air-sea fluxes of CO2 and their implications for the fate of anthropogenic CO2; the Amazon River plume and its interactions with biogeochemistry, vertical mixing, and hurricanes; the highly productive eastern boundary and equatorial upwelling systems; and oceanic oxygen minimum zones, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Past success of the tropical Atlantic observing system is the result of an international commitment to sustained observations and scientific cooperation, a willingness to evolve with changing research and monitoring needs, and a desire to share data openly with the scientific community and operational centers. The observing system must continue to evolve in order to meet an expanding set of research priorities and operational challenges. This paper discusses the tropical Atlantic observing system, including emerging scientific questions that demand sustained ocean observations, the potential for further integration of the observing system, and the requirements for sustaining and enhancing the tropical Atlantic observing system. |
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