On the Future of Argo: A Global, Full-Depth, Multi-Disciplinary Array
Type | Article | ||||||||
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Date | 2019-08 | ||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||
Author(s) | Roemmich Dean1, Alford Matthew H.1, Claustre Hervé![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Affiliation(s) | 1 : Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States 2 : French National Center for Scientific Research, Villefranche Oceanographic Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France 3 : Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States 4 : National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom 5 : College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States 6 : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS, Australia 7 : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States 8 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France 9 : Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 10 : School of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom 11 : Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United States 12 : JCOMMOPS, Brest, France 13 : School of Marine Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States 14 : Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany 15 : UK Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom 16 : State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China 17 : Irish Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland 18 : Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom 19 : Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada 20 : Physical Oceanography, Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 21 : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States 22 : Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada 23 : Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan 24 : Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 25 : Bedford Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada 26 : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States 27 : Graduate School of Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 28 : Neils Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark 29 : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States 30 : Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul, South Korea 31 : CNRS-IRD-Ifremer, LOPS Laboratory, University of Brest, Brest, France 32 : Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany 33 : Mercator-Ocean, Brest, France 34 : School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom 35 : Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway 36 : Marine Research Unit, South African Weather Service, Cape Town, South Africa 37 : Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan 38 : Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad, India 39 : School of Oceanography, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States 40 : French National Center for Scientific Research, OSU Ecce Terra, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France 41 : Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, Netherlands 42 : National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand 43 : Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa 44 : Servício de Hídrografia Naval, Buenos Aires, Argentina 45 : Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Canary Islands, Spain 46 : Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland 47 : State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 48 : Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 49 : Earth System Science Group, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom 50 : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Grove, CA, United States 51 : Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan |
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Source | Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media SA), 2019-08 , Vol. 6 , N. 439 , P. 28p. | ||||||||
DOI | 10.3389/fmars.2019.00439 | ||||||||
WOS© Times Cited | 176 | ||||||||
Keyword(s) | Argo, floats, global, ocean, warming, circulation, temperature, salinity | ||||||||
Abstract | The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean temperature and salinity versus pressure, from the sea surface to 2000 dbar. The successful installation of the Argo array and its innovative data management system arose opportunistically from the combination of great scientific need and technological innovation. Through the data system, Argo provides fundamental physical observations with broad societally-valuable applications, built on the cost-efficient and robust technologies of autonomous profiling floats. Following recent advances in platform and sensor technologies, even greater opportunity exists now than 20 years ago to (i) improve Argo’s global coverage and value beyond the original design, (ii) extend Argo to span the full ocean depth, (iii) add biogeochemical sensors for improved understanding of oceanic cycles of carbon, nutrients, and ecosystems, and (iv) consider experimental sensors that might be included in the future, for example to document the spatial and temporal patterns of ocean mixing. For Core Argo and each of these enhancements, the past, present, and future progression along a path from experimental deployments to regional pilot arrays to global implementation is described. The objective is to create a fully global, top-to-bottom, dynamically complete, and multidisciplinary Argo Program that will integrate seamlessly with satellite and with other in situ elements of the Global Ocean Observing System (Legler et al., 2015). The integrated system will deliver operational reanalysis and forecasting capability, and assessment of the state and variability of the climate system with respect to physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems parameters. It will enable basic research of unprecedented breadth and magnitude, and a wealth of ocean-education and outreach opportunities. |
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