Challenges for Sustained Observing and Forecasting Systems in the Mediterranean Sea
Type | Article | ||||||||
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Date | 2019-09 | ||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||
Author(s) | Tintoré Joaquín1, Pinardi Nadia2, Álvarez-Fanjul Enrique3, Aguiar Eva4, Álvarez-Berastegui Diego4, Bajo Marco5, Balbin Rosa6, Bozzano Roberto7, Nardelli Bruno Buongiorno7, Cardin Vanessa8, Casas Benjamin9, Charcos-Llorens Miguel4, Chiggiato Jacopo5, Clementi Emanuela10, Coppini Giovanni10, Coppola Laurent11, Cossarini Gianpiero8, Deidun Alan12, Deudero Salud6, D'Ortenzio Fabrizio11, Drago Aldo12, Drudi Massimiliano10, El Serafy Ghada13, Escudier Romain11, Farcy Patrick14, Federico Ivan10, Fernández Juan Gabriel4, Ferrarin Christian5, Fossi Cristina15, Frangoulis Constantin16, Galgani Francois![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Affiliation(s) | 1 : SOCIB and IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Palma, Spain 2 : Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 3 : Puertos del Estado, Madrid, Spain 4 : SOCIB, Palma, Spain 5 : Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Venezia, Italy 6 : COB, IEO, Mallorca, Spain 7 : National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy 8 : Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy 9 : IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain 10 : CMCC–Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, OPA Division, Lecce, Italy 11 : Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France 12 : Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta 13 : Stichting Deltares, Delft, Netherlands 14 : Ifremer, Brest, France 15 : Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy 16 : Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Athens, Greece 17 : IFREMER, Bastia, France 18 : OR Consulting, Ariana Center, Ariana, Tunisia 19 : Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain 20 : Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel 21 : Department of Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain 22 : Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 23 : Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Paris, France 24 : Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Casablanca, Morocco 25 : National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 26 : OGS, Trieste, Italy 27 : ENSSMAL, Algers, Algeria 28 : National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Piran, Slovenia 29 : Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom 30 : ENEA, Rome, Italy 31 : LOCEAN, Paris, France 32 : ETT, Genoa, Italy 33 : Mercator Ocean International, Toulouse, France 34 : ICMAN, CSIC, Cadiz, Spain 35 : Aix-Marseille Université, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France 36 : ICMAN, CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain 37 : Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain 38 : Institute of Marine Sciences, Erdemli, Turkey 39 : LIM-UPC, Barcelona, Spain 40 : ENEA, Rome, Italy 41 : Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 42 : Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece 43 : GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany 44 : Institute of Marine Sciences, METU, Ankara, Turkey 45 : Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Insitute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia 46 : CYCOFOS, Nicosia, Cyprus |
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Source | Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media SA), 2019-09 , Vol. 6 , N. 568 , P. 30p. | ||||||||
DOI | 10.3389/fmars.2019.00568 | ||||||||
WOS© Times Cited | 34 | ||||||||
Keyword(s) | observing and forecasting systems, sustained observations, ocean variability, FAIR data, climate, operational services, science with and for society, SDG's | ||||||||
Abstract | The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU and nationally funded coordination, which has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has coordinated with universities, research centers, research infrastructures and private companies to implement advanced multi-platform and integrated observing and forecasting systems that facilitate the advancement of operational services, scientific achievements and mission-oriented innovation. Thus, the community can respond to societal challenges and stakeholders needs, developing a variety of fit-for-purpose services such as the Copernicus Marine Service. The combination of state-of-the-art observations and forecasting provides new opportunities for downstream services in response to the needs of the heavily populated Mediterranean coastal areas and to climate change. The challenge over the next decade is to sustain ocean observations within the research community, to monitor the variability at small scales, e.g., the mesoscale/submesoscale, to resolve the sub-basin/seasonal and inter-annual variability in the circulation, and thus establish the decadal variability, understand and correct the model-associated biases and to enhance model-data integration and ensemble forecasting for uncertainty estimation. Better knowledge and understanding of the level of Mediterranean variability will enable a subsequent evaluation of the impacts and mitigation of the effect of human activities and climate change on the biodiversity and the ecosystem, which will support environmental assessments and decisions. Further challenges include extending the science-based added-value products into societal relevant downstream services and engaging with communities to build initiatives that will contribute to the 2030 Agenda and more specifically to SDG14 and the UN's Decade of Ocean Science for sustainable development, by this contributing to bridge the science-policy gap. The Mediterranean observing and forecasting capacity was built on the basis of community best practices in monitoring and modeling, and can serve as a basis for the development of an integrated global ocean observing system. |
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