The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the monitoring of micropollutants in the aquatic environments to prevent any damages to both human health and ecosystems. In this context, a number of organic and inorganic compounds have been selected as priority pollutants and their measurement is necessary to ensure that water-quality standards are maintained (EC, 2008; EC, 2013; EC, 2015). For two decades, passive sampling methods have been developed for the monitoring of organic and inorganic compounds. Passive samplers allow measuring these compounds at trace levels by accumulation and concentration over long-term exposure. Moreover, the use of integrative passive samplers (IPS) allows a better representativeness of measurements because it takes into account the episodic pollution (Miège et al., 2015). Such passive sampling techniques have been recommended in the European Commission Guidance Document on surface water chemical monitoring, as complementary methods to improve the level of confidence in water monitoring data in comparison with conventional spot sampling (EC, 2009). In the context of the WFD monitoring programs, French government has mobilized the expertise of AQUAREF for two main objectives:

- Demonstrate, in-situ, the interest to deploy IPS for monitoring of priority substances in aquatic environments;

- Diffuse protocols and guidelines on the use and analyses of IPS, and initiate the formation of future stakeholders.

We present the in situ campaigns to demonstrate theIPS relevance. Conventional IPS will be deployed: POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Sampler), silicone membrane and DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin films). In this poster, we will focus on micropollutants needed to be controlled in the water matrix (the more hydrophilic ones), not in biota1.

In a first round, the contamination by around 50 micropollutants on 3 sites will be measured every 2weeks, continuously during one year. In a second round, the contamination by around 100 micropollutants on 20 sites spread throughout France will be studied during a 2 weeks long campaign. Results obtained with IPS will be compared with spot water samples. This large scale study should highlight the interest to use IPS for WFD monitoring program by increasing the frequency of quantification and obtaining a better temporal representativeness of the contamination. In this context, the formation of stakeholders is also a strategic challenge; we present the current gaps and our actions on this aspect at a national scale.