A spatial food web model to investigate potential spillover effects of a fishery closure in an offshore wind farm

Type Article
Date 2020-12
Language English
Author(s) Halouani GhassenORCID1, 2, 3, Villanueva Ching-MariaORCID4, Raoux Aurore1, 5, Dauvin Jean Claude5, Ben Rais Lasram Frida6, Foucher EricORCID7, Le Loc'h Francois8, Safi Georges1, 9, Araignous Emma1, 6, 9, Robin Jean Paul1, Niquil Nathalie1
Affiliation(s) 1 : Laboratoire Borea (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), EcoFunc, Normandie Université, UniCaen, CNRS (MNHN, IRD, SU, UA), CS 14032, 14000 Caen, France
2 : IFREMER, Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
3 : Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland
4 : IFREMER, Ecology and Fisheries Modelling Research Unit, Plouzané, France
5 : Normandie Université UNICAEN, UMR M2C (UCN, UR, CNRS-6143), 24 rue des Tilleuls, 14000 Caen Cedex, France
6 : Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62930 Wimereux, France
7 : IFREMER, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, BP 32, 14520 Port-en-Bessin, France
8 : Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
9 : France Energies Marines ITE-EMR, 525 Avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France
Source Journal Of Marine Systems (0924-7963) (Elsevier BV), 2020-12 , Vol. 212 , P. 103434 (11p.)
DOI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103434
WOS© Times Cited 26
Keyword(s) Ecopath with Ecosim, Ecospace, Marine Renewable Energy, Ecosystem-based approach, Fishing, Spillover effects
Abstract

There is a growing interest in the development of offshore wind farms to provide a sustainable source of renewable energy and contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions. In parallel, there is a need to better understand the effects of these installations on coastal marine ecosystems and identify potential sea use conflicts, especially when the area is subject to access restrictions. This study investigated the effects of a spatial closure during the exploitation phase of an offshore wind farm in the extended Bay of Seine (English Channel, France) using Ecospace, a spatially and temporally explicit module of Ecopath with Ecosim. To address this question, simulations were conducted through the evaluation of “what-if scenarios” to assess the effectiveness of a fishing exclusion zone inside and surrounding the offshore wind farm. Several biomass, catch and trophic level-based indicators were calculated to evaluate how the exclusion zone could affect fishing activities and main components of the food web. All the indicators were estimated in the extended Bay of Seine and summarized by sub-area. Findings suggested that the spillover effect could mitigate the negative impact of access loss on fishing activities, in a scenario of simulated closure of the area of the wind farm. The Ecospace model predicted an increase of catches (up to 7% near the wind farm) and a slight increase in the proportion of high trophic level species. However, the influence of spillover effects is limited in space and the expected increase of biomass and catches are highly localized in areas around the offshore wind farm installations. At the scale of the Bay of Seine, further analysis of the spillover effects revealed a spatial pattern and suggested that the implementation of an exclusion zone inside the offshore wind farm could concentrate highly mobile predators.

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Halouani Ghassen, Villanueva Ching-Maria, Raoux Aurore, Dauvin Jean Claude, Ben Rais Lasram Frida, Foucher Eric, Le Loc'h Francois, Safi Georges, Araignous Emma, Robin Jean Paul, Niquil Nathalie (2020). A spatial food web model to investigate potential spillover effects of a fishery closure in an offshore wind farm. Journal Of Marine Systems, 212, 103434 (11p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103434 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00644/75648/